Organic light emitting diode and organic light emitting device including the same

ABSTRACT

An organic light emitting diode and an organic light emitting device including the same are discussed. The organic light emitting diode can include a first compound represented by a following formula, a second compound as a p-type host, and a third compound as an n-type host in an emitting material layer. As a result, the organic light emitting diode and the organic light emitting device have advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the lifespan.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0133078, filed in the Republic of Korea on Oct. 7, 2021, which is expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an organic light emitting diode, and more specifically, to an organic light emitting diode having excellent luminous efficiency and luminous lifespan and an organic light emitting device including the organic light emitting diode.

Discussion of the Related Art

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display among a flat display device used widely has come into the spotlight as a display device replacing rapidly a liquid crystal display device (LCD). The OLED can be formed as a thin organic film with a thickness less than 2000 Å and can implement unidirectional or bidirectional images by electrode configurations. Also, the OLED can be formed even on a flexible transparent substrate such as a plastic substrate so that a flexible or a foldable display device can be realized with ease using the OLED. In addition, the OLED can be driven at a lower voltage and the OLED has excellent high color purity compared to the LCD.

The OLED includes an anode, a cathode and an emitting material layer, and the emitting material layer includes a host and a dopant (e.g., an emitter).

Since fluorescent material as the dopant uses only singlet exciton energy in the luminous process, the related art fluorescent material shows low luminous efficiency. On the contrary, phosphorescent material can show high luminous efficiency since it uses triplet exciton energy as well as singlet exciton energy in the luminous process. However, metal complex, representative phosphorescent material, has short luminous lifespan for commercial use.

In addition, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan of the OLED are affected by the exciton generation efficiency in the host and the energy transfer efficiency from the host to the dopant.

Accordingly, development of materials of the emitting material layer being capable of improving the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan of the OLED is required.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an OLED and an organic light emitting device that substantially obviate one or more of the problems associated with the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an OLED and an organic light emitting device having excellent luminous efficiency and luminous lifespan.

Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the inventive concepts provided herein. Other features and aspects of the inventive concept can be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description, or derivable therefrom, and the claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these and other aspects of the inventive concepts, as embodied and broadly described, in one aspect, the present disclosure provides an organic light emitting diode comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a first emitting part including a first red emitting material layer and positioned between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first red emitting material layer includes a first compound, a second compound and a third compound, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1-1: [Formula 1-1]

wherein M is molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) or silver (Ag); each of A and B is a carbon atom; R is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group; each of X¹ to X¹¹ is independently a carbon atom, CR¹ or N; only one of: a ring (a) with X³-X⁵, Y¹ and A; or a ring (b) with X⁸-X¹¹, Y² and B is formed; and if the ring (a) is formed, each of X³ and Y¹ is a carbon atom, X⁶ and X⁷ or X⁷ and X⁸ forms an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring; and Y² is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group; if the ring (b) is forms, each of X⁸ and Y² is a carbon atom, X¹ and X² or X² and X³ forms an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring; and Y¹ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group, each of R¹ to R³ is independently hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, optionally, two adjacent R¹, and/or R² and R³ form an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring;

is an auxiliary ligand; m is an integer of 1 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and m+n is an oxidation number of M, wherein the second compound is represented by Formula 2-1: [Formula 2-1]

wherein each of R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; one of X¹² and X¹³ is a nitrogen atom (N), and the other one of X¹² and X¹³ is an oxygen atom (O) or a sulfur atom (S); L¹ is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and a is 0 or 1, wherein the third compound is represented by Formula 3-1: [Formula 3-1]

wherein X is O or S; each of Y and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L² is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and b is 0 or 1.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an organic light emitting device comprising a substrate; and the above organic light emitting diode positioned on or over the substrate.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the inventive concepts as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain principles of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating an organic light emitting display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an organic light emitting display device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an organic light emitting display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to aspects of the disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the present disclosure, a dopant (e.g., an emitter), an n-type host and a p-type host each having excellent optical property are included in an emitting material layer (EML) of an OLED so that the OLED has advantages in at least one of a driving voltage, a luminous efficiency and a luminous lifespan. For example, the organic light emitting device can be an organic light emitting display device or an organic light emitting lighting device. The explanation below is focused on the organic light emitting display device including the OLED. All the components of each OLED and each organic light emitting display device according to all embodiments of the present disclosure are operatively coupled and configured.

FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating an organic light emitting display device according to the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1 , an organic light emitting display device includes a gate line GL, a data line DL, a power line PL, a switching thin film transistor TFT Ts, a driving TFT Td, a storage capacitor Cst, and an OLED D. The gate line GL and the data line DL cross each other to define a pixel region P. The pixel region can include a red pixel region, a green pixel region and a blue pixel region.

The switching TFT Ts is connected to the gate line GL and the data line DL, and the driving TFT Td and the storage capacitor Cst are connected to the switching TFT Ts and the power line PL. The OLED D is connected to the driving TFT Td.

In the organic light emitting display device, when the switching TFT Ts is turned on by a gate signal applied through the gate line GL, a data signal from the data line DL is applied to the gate electrode of the driving TFT Td and an electrode of the storage capacitor Cst.

When the driving TFT Td is turned on by the data signal, an electric current is supplied to the OLED D from the power line PL. As a result, the OLED D emits light. In this case, when the driving TFT Td is turned on, a level of an electric current applied from the power line PL to the OLED D is determined such that the OLED D can produce a gray scale.

The storage capacitor Cst serves to maintain the voltage of the gate electrode of the driving TFT Td when the switching TFT Ts is turned off. Accordingly, even if the switching TFT Ts is turned off, a level of an electric current applied from the power line PL to the OLED D is maintained to next frame.

As a result, the organic light emitting display device displays a desired image.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting display device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the organic light emitting display device 100 includes a substrate 110, a TFT Tr on or over the substrate 110, a planarization layer 150 covering the TFT Tr and an OLED D on the planarization layer 150 and connected to the TFT Tr.

The substrate 110 can be a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. For example, the flexible substrate can be one of a polyimide (PI) substrate, a polyethersulfone (PES) substrate, a polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and a polycarbonate (PC) substrate.

A buffer layer 122 is formed on the substrate, and the TFT Tr is formed on the buffer layer 122. The buffer layer 122 can be omitted. For example, the buffer layer 122 can be formed of an inorganic insulating material, e.g., silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

A semiconductor layer 120 is formed on the buffer layer 122. The semiconductor layer 120 can include an oxide semiconductor material or polycrystalline silicon.

When the semiconductor layer 120 includes the oxide semiconductor material, a light-shielding pattern can be formed under the semiconductor layer 120. The light to the semiconductor layer 120 is shielded or blocked by the light-shielding pattern such that thermal degradation of the semiconductor layer 120 can be prevented. On the other hand, when the semiconductor layer 120 includes polycrystalline silicon, impurities can be doped into both sides of the semiconductor layer 120.

A gate insulating layer 124 of an insulating material is formed on the semiconductor layer 120. The gate insulating layer 124 can be formed of an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

A gate electrode 130, which is formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal, is formed on the gate insulating layer 124 to correspond to a center of the semiconductor layer 120. In FIG. 2 , the gate insulating layer 124 is formed on an entire surface of the substrate 110. Alternatively, the gate insulating layer 124 can be patterned to have the same shape as the gate electrode 130.

An interlayer insulating layer 132 of an insulating material is formed on the gate electrode 130 and over an entire surface of the substrate 110. The interlayer insulating layer 132 can be formed of an inorganic insulating material, e.g., silicon oxide or silicon nitride, or an organic insulating material, e.g., benzocyclobutene or photo-acryl.

The interlayer insulating layer 132 includes first and second contact holes 134 and 136 exposing both sides of the semiconductor layer 120. The first and second contact holes 134 and 136 are positioned at both sides of the gate electrode 130 to be spaced apart from the gate electrode 130.

The first and second contact holes 134 and 136 are formed through the gate insulating layer 124. Alternatively, when the gate insulating layer 124 is patterned to have the same shape as the gate electrode 130, the first and second contact holes 134 and 136 is formed only through the interlayer insulating layer 132.

A source electrode 144 and a drain electrode 146, which are formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal, are formed on the interlayer insulating layer 132.

The source electrode 144 and the drain electrode 146 are spaced apart from each other with respect to the gate electrode 130 and respectively contact both sides of the semiconductor layer 120 through the first and second contact holes 134 and 136.

The semiconductor layer 120, the gate electrode 130, the source electrode 144 and the drain electrode 146 constitute the TFT Tr. The TFT Tr serves as a driving element. Namely, the TFT Tr is the driving TFT Td (of FIG. 1 ).

In the TFT Tr, the gate electrode 130, the source electrode 144, and the drain electrode 146 are positioned over the semiconductor layer 120. Namely, the TFT Tr has a coplanar structure.

Alternatively, in the TFT Tr, the gate electrode can be positioned under the semiconductor layer, and the source and drain electrodes can be positioned over the semiconductor layer such that the TFT Tr can have an inverted staggered structure. In this instance, the semiconductor layer can include amorphous silicon.

The gate line and the data line cross each other to define the pixel region, and the switching TFT is formed to be connected to the gate and data lines. The switching TFT is connected to the TFT Tr as the driving element. In addition, the power line, which can be formed to be parallel to and spaced apart from one of the gate and data lines, and the storage capacitor for maintaining the voltage of the gate electrode of the TFT Tr in one frame can be further formed.

A planarization layer 150 is formed on an entire surface of the substrate 110 to cover the source and drain electrodes 144 and 146. The planarization layer 150 provides a flat top surface and has a drain contact hole 152 exposing the drain electrode 146 of the TFT Tr.

The OLED D is disposed on the planarization layer 150 and includes a first electrode 160, which is connected to the drain electrode 146 of the TFT Tr through the drain contact hole 152, an organic light emitting layer 162 and a second electrode 164. The organic light emitting layer 162 and the second electrode 164 are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 160. For example, a red pixel region, a green pixel region and a blue pixel region can be defined on the substrate 110, and the OLED D is positioned in each of the red, green and blue pixel regions. Namely, the OLEDs respectively emitting the red, green and blue light are respectively positioned in each of the red, green and blue pixel regions.

A first electrode 160 is separately formed in each pixel and on the planarization layer 150. The first electrode 160 can be an anode and can be formed of a conductive material, e.g., a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), having a relatively high work function. For example, the first electrode 160 can be formed of indium-tin-oxide (ITO), indium-zinc-oxide (IZO), indium-tin-zinc-oxide (ITZO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium-copper-oxide (ICO) or aluminum-zinc-oxide (Al:ZnO, AZO).

When the organic light emitting display device 100 is operated in a bottom-emission type, the first electrode 160 can have a single-layered structure of the transparent conductive material layer. When the organic light emitting display device 100 is operated in a top-emission type, the first electrode 160 can further include a reflection electrode or a reflection layer. For example, the reflection electrode or the reflection layer can be formed of silver (Ag) or aluminum-palladium-copper (APC) alloy. In the top-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, the first electrode 160 can have a triple-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO or ITO/APC/ITO.

A bank layer 166 is formed on the planarization layer 150 to cover an edge of the first electrode 160. Namely, the bank layer 166 is positioned at a boundary of the pixel and exposes a center of the first electrode 160 in the pixel.

The organic emitting layer 162 is formed on the first electrode 160. The organic emitting layer 162 can have a single-layered structure of an emitting material layer. Alternatively, the organic emitting layer 162 can further include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transporting layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transporting layer (ETL) and an electron injection layer (EIL) to have a multi-layered structure. In addition, the organic emitting layer 162 can include at least two EMLs, which is spaced apart from each other, to have a tandem structure.

As illustrated below, in the OLED D in the red pixel region, the EML in the organic emitting layer 162 includes a first compound being a red dopant (emitter), a second compound being a p-type host and a third compound being an n-type host. As a result, in the OLED D, the driving voltage is decreased, and the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan are increased.

The second electrode 164 is formed over the substrate 110 where the organic emitting layer 162 is formed. The second electrode 164 covers an entire surface of the display area and can be formed of a conductive material having a relatively low work function to serve as a cathode. For example, the second electrode 164 can be formed of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), silver (Ag) or their alloy or combination. In the top-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, the second electrode 164 can have a thin profile (small thickness) to provide a light transmittance property (or a semi-transmittance property).

The organic light emitting display device 100 can further include a color filter corresponding to the red, green and blue pixel regions. For example, red, green and blue color filter patterns can be formed in the red, green and blue pixel regions, respectively, so that the color purity of the organic light emitting display device 100 can be improved. In the bottom-type organic light emitting display device 100, the color filter can be disposed between the OLED D and the substrate 110, e.g., between the interlayer insulating layer 132 and the planarization layer 150. Alternatively, in the top-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, the color filter can be disposed on or over the OLED D, e.g., on or over the second electrode 164.

An encapsulation film 170 is formed on the second electrode 164 to prevent penetration of moisture into the OLED D. The encapsulation film 170 includes a first inorganic insulating layer 172, an organic insulating layer 174 and a second inorganic insulating layer 176 sequentially stacked, but it is not limited thereto. The encapsulation film 170 can be omitted.

The organic light emitting display device 100 can further include a polarization plate for reducing an ambient light reflection. For example, the polarization plate can be a circular polarization plate. In the bottom-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, the polarization plate can be disposed under the substrate 110. In the top-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, the polarization plate can be disposed on or over the encapsulation film 170.

In addition, in the top-emission type organic light emitting display device 100, a cover window can be attached to the encapsulation film 170 or the polarization plate. In this instance, the substrate 110 and the cover window have a flexible property such that a flexible organic light emitting display device can be provided.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the OLED D1 includes the first and second electrodes 160 and 164 facing each other and the organic emitting layer 162 therebetween. The organic emitting layer 162 includes a red EML 230.

The organic light emitting display device 100 (of FIG. 2 ) includes the red, green and blue pixel regions, and the OLED D1 can be positioned in the red pixel region.

The first electrode 160 is an anode for injecting the hole, and the second electrode 164 is a cathode for injecting the electron. One of the first and second electrodes 160 and 164 is a reflective electrode, and the other one of the first and second electrodes 160 and 164 is a transparent (semitransparent) electrode.

For example, the first electrode 160 can include a transparent conductive material, e.g., ITO or IZO, and the second electrode 164 can include one of Al, Mg, Ag, AlMg and MgAg.

The organic emitting layer 162 can further include at least one of the HTL 220 under the red EML 230 and the ETL 240 on or over the red EML 230. Namely, the HTL 220 is disposed between the red EML 230 and the first electrode 160, and the ETL 240 is disposed between the red EML 230 and the second electrode 164.

In addition, the organic emitting layer 162 can further include at least one of the HIL 210 under the HTL 220 and the EIL 250 on the ETL 240.

The organic emitting layer 162 can further include at least one of the EBL between the HTL 220 and the red EML 230 and the HBL between the ETL 240 and the red EML 230.

In the OLED D1 of the present disclosure, the red EML 230 can constitute an emitting part, or the red EML 230 and at least one of the HIL 210, the HTL 220, the EBL, the HBL, the ETL 240 and the EIL 250 can constitute the emitting part.

The red EML 230 includes a first compound 232 being the red dopant, a second compound 234 being the p-type host, e.g., a first host, and a third compound 236 being the n-type host, e.g., a second host. The red EML can have a thickness of 100 to 400 Å, e.g., 200 to 400 Å.

In the red EML 230, each of the second and third compounds 234 and 236 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 232. For example, in the red EML 230, the first compound 232 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the red EML 230, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 234 and the third compound 236 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the red EML 230, the second and third compounds 234 and 236 can have the same weight %.

The first compound 232 is represented by Formula 1-1. The first compound 232 is an organometallic compound and has a rigid chemical conformation so that it can enhance luminous efficiency and luminous lifespan of the OLED D1.

wherein

M is molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) or silver (Ag);

each of A and B is a carbon atom;

R is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group;

each of X¹ to X¹¹ is independently a carbon atom, CR¹ or N;

only one of: a ring (a) with X³-X⁵, Y¹ and A; or a ring (b) with X⁸-X¹¹, Y² and B, is formed; and

if the ring (a) is formed,

-   -   each of X³ and Y¹ is a carbon atom,     -   X⁶ and X⁷ or X⁷ and X⁸ forms an unsubstituted or substituted         C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, the unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀         hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀         aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero         aromatic ring; and     -   Y² is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se,         SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or         substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or         substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group;

if the ring (b) is forms,

-   -   each of X⁸ and Y² is a carbon atom,     -   X¹ and X² or X² and X³ forms an unsubstituted or substituted         C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀         hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀         aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero         aromatic ring; and     -   Y¹ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se,         SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or         substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or         substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group,

each of R¹ to R³ is independently hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group,

optionally,

two adjacent R¹, and/or R² and R³ form an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring;

is an auxiliary ligand; m is an integer of 1 to 3; and n is an integer of 0 to 2; and m+n is an oxidation number of M.

As used herein, the term “unsubstituted” means that the specified group bears no substituents, and hydrogen is linked. In this case, hydrogen comprises protium, deuterium and tritium without specific disclosure.

As used herein, substituent in the term “substituted” comprises, but is not limited to, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C1-C20 alkyl, unsubstituted or halogen-substituted C1-C20 alkoxy, halogen, cyano, —CF3, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic group, a carbonyl group, an amino group, a C1-C10 alkyl amino group, a C6-C30 aryl amino group, a C3-C30 hetero aryl amino group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C3-C30 hetero aryl group, a nitro group, a hydrazyl group, a sulfonate group, a C1-C20 alkyl silyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy silyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkyl silyl group, a C6-C30 aryl silyl group and a C3-C30 hetero aryl silyl group.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, s-pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkenyl” is a hydrocarbon group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The alkenyl group can be substituted with one or more substituents.

As used herein, the term “alicyclic” or “cycloalkyl” refers to non-aromatic carbon-containing ring composed of at least three carbon atoms. Examples of alicyclic groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, and the like. The alicyclic group can be substituted with one or more substituents.

As used herein, the term “alkoxy” refers to a branched or unbranched alkyl bonded through an ether linkage represented by the formula —O(-alkyl) where alkyl is defined herein. Examples of alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, and tert-butoxy, and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkyl amino” refers to a group represented by the formula —NH(-alkyl) or —N(-alkyl)₂ where alkyl is defined herein. Examples of alkyl amino represented by the formula —NH(-alkyl) include, but not limited to, methylamino group, ethylamino group, propylamino group, isopropylamino group, butylamino group, isobutylamino group, (sec-butyl)amino group, (tert-butyl)amino group, pentylamino group, isopentylamino group, (tert-pentyl)amino group, hexylamino group, and the like. Examples of alkyl amino represented by the formula —N(-alkyl)₂ include, but not limited to, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, diisopropylamino group, dibutylamino group, diisobutylamino group, di(sec-butyl)amino group, di(tert-butyl)amino group, dipentylamino group, diisopentylamino group, di(tert-pentyl)amino group, dihexylamino group, N-ethyl-N-methylamino group, N-methyl-N-propylamino group, N ethyl-N-propylamino group and the like.

As used herein, the term “aromatic” or “aryl” is well known in the art. The term includes monocyclic rings linked covalently or fused-ring polycyclic groups. An aromatic group can be unsubstituted or substituted. Examples of aromatic or aryl include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, anthracenyl, and phenanthracenyl and the like. Substituents for each of the above noted aryl ring systems are acceptable substituents are defined herein.

As used herein, the term “alkyl silyl group” refers to any linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyclic or acyclic alkyl, and the alkyl has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkyl silyl group include a trimethylsilyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, a vinyldimethylsilyl group, a propyldimethylsilyl group, a triphenylsilyl group, a diphenylsilyl group, and a phenylsilyl group.

As used herein, the term “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.

As used herein, the term “hetero” in such as “a hetero aromatic ring”, “a hetero cycloalkylene group”, “a hetero arylene group”, “a hetero aryl alkylene group”, “a hetero aryl oxylene group”, “a hetero cycloalkyl group”, “a hetero aryl group”, “a hetero aryl alkyl group”, “a hetero aryloxyl group”, “a hetero aryl amino group” and “a hetero aryl silyl group” means that at least one carbon atom, for example 1-5 carbons atoms, constituting an aromatic ring or an alicyclic ring is substituted with at least one hetero atom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, Si, Se, P, B and combination thereof.

As used herein, the term “hetero aromatic” or “hetero aryl” refers to a heterocycle including hetero atoms selected from N, O and S in a ring where the ring system is an aromatic ring. The term includes monocyclic rings linked covalently or fused-ring polycyclic groups. A hetero aromatic group can be unsubstituted or substituted. Examples of hetero aromatic or hetero aryl include pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl (alternatively referred to as thiophenyl), thiazolyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl.

As used herein, the term “hetero aryl oxy” refers to a group represented by the formula —O-(hetero aryl) where hetero aryl is defined herein.

For example, when each of R and R¹ to R³ in Formula 1-1 is independently a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group, each of R and R¹ to R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, a C₇-C₃₀ aryl alkyl group, a C₆-C₃₀ aryl oxy group and a C₆-C₃₀ aryl amino group. As an example, when each of R and R¹ to R³ is independently a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, each of R and R¹ to R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, an unfused or fused aryl group such as phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pentalenyl, indenyl, indeno-indenyl, heptalenyl, biphenylenyl, indacenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, benzo-phenanthrenyl, dibenzo-phenanthrenyl, azulenyl, pyrenyl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, chrysenyl, tetraphenylenyl, tetracenyl, pleiadenyl, picenyl, pentaphenylenyl, pentacenyl, fluorenyl, indeno-fluorenyl and spiro-fluorenyl.

Alternatively, when each of R and R¹ to R³ in Formula 1 is independently a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, each of R and R¹ to R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aryl group, a C₄-C₃₀ hetero aryl alkyl group, a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aryl oxy group and a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aryl amino group. As an example, when each of R and R¹ to R³ is independently a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aryl group, each of R and R¹ to R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, an unfused or fused hetero aryl group such as pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, iso-indolyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, pyrrolizinyl, carbazolyl, benzo-carbazolyl, dibenzo-carbazolyl, indolo-carbazolyl, indeno-carbazolyl, benzo-furo-carbazolyl, benzo-thieno-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, quinolinyl, iso-quinolinyl, phthlazinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolizinyl, purinyl, benzo-quinolinyl, benzo-iso-quinolinyl, benzo-quinazolinyl, benzo-quinoxalinyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenanthrolinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthridinyl, pteridinyl, naphthyridinyl, furanyl, pyranyl, oxazinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, dioxinyl, benzo-furanyl, dibenzo-furanyl, thiopyranyl, xanthenyl, chromenyl, iso-chromenyl, thioazinyl, thiophenyl, benzo-thiophenyl, dibenzo-thiophenyl, difuro-pyrazinyl, benzofuro-dibenzo-furanyl, benzothieno-benzo-thiophenyl, benzothieno-dibenzo-thiophenyl, benzothieno-benzo-furanyl, benzothieno-dibenzo-furanyl, xanthene-linked spiro acridinyl, dihydroacridinyl substituted with at least one C₁-C₁₀ alkyl and N-substituted spiro fluorenyl.

As an example, each of the aromatic group or the hetero aromatic group of R and R¹ to R³ can consist of one to three aromatic or hetero aromatic rings. When the number of the aromatic or hetero aromatic rings of R and R¹ to R³ is more than three, conjugated structure in the first compound 232 becomes too long, thus, the first compound 232 can have too narrow energy bandgap. For example, each of the aryl group or the hetero aryl group of R and R¹ to R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyrrolyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, furanyl, benzo-furanyl, dibenzo-furanyl, thiophenyl, benzo-thiophenyl, dibenzo-thiophenyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, carbolinyl, phenazinyl, phenoxazinyl and phenothiazinyl.

Alternatively, two adjacent R¹, and/or R² and R³ can form an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring (e.g., a C₅-C₁₀ alicyclic ring), an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring (e.g., a C₃-C₁₀ hetero alicyclic ring), an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring (e.g., a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring) or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring (e.g., a C₃-C₂₀ hetero aromatic ring). The alicyclic ring, the hetero alicyclic ring, the aromatic ring and the hetero aromatic ring formed by: two adjacent carbon atoms to which Riis attached; or R² and R³, are not limited to specific rings. For example, the aromatic ring or the hetero aromatic ring formed by those groups can be independently selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited to, a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, an indole ring, a pyran ring, a fluorene ring unsubstituted or substituted with at least one C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group.

The first compound 232 being the organometallic compound having the structure of Formula 1-1 has a ligand with fused with multiple aromatic and/or hetero aromatic rings, thus it has narrow full-width at half maximum (FWHM) in photoluminescence spectrum. Particularly, since the first compound 232 has a rigid chemical conformation, its conformation is not rotated in the luminous process so that it can maintain good luminous lifespan. In addition, since the first compound 232 has specific ranges of photoluminescence emissions, the color purity of the light emitted from the first compound 232 can be improved.

In addition, the first compound 232 can be a heteropletic metal complex including two different bidentate ligands coordinated to the central metal atom. (n is a positive integer in Formula 1-1) The photoluminescence color purity and emission colors of the first compound 232 can be controlled with ease by combining two different bidentate ligands. Moreover, it is possible to control the color purity and emission peaks of the first compound 232 by introducing various substituents to each of the ligands. For example, the first compound 232 having the structure of Formula 1-1 can emit yellow to red colors and can improve luminous efficiency of an organic light emitting diode.

In one exemplary aspect, the first compound 232 can have the ring (a) with X³-X⁵, Y¹ and A to be represented by Formula 1-2.

wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁷ is independently CR¹ or N; Y³ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a); and each of M, R,

m, n, R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1.

In an alternative aspect, the first compound 232 can have the ring (b) with X⁸-X¹¹, Y² and B to be represented by Formula 1-3

wherein each of X³¹ to X³⁸ is independently CR¹ or N; Y⁴ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a); each of M,

m, n, R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1.

For example, M can be iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). X³¹ to X³⁸ can be CR¹. R¹ can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, or optionally, two of R's of X³¹ to X³³ can form a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group. Y⁴ can be CR²R³, N^(a) or O. Each of R² and R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium and a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group (aryl group). In addition, one of m and n can be 1, and the other one of m and n can be 2.

More particularly, in Formula 1-2, X²⁵ and X²⁶ are connected to each other to form an aromatic ring or a hetero aromatic ring so that the first compound 232 can be represented by Formula 1-4. Alternatively, in Formula 1-2, X²⁶ and X²⁷ are connected to each other to form an aromatic ring or a hetero aromatic ring so that the first compound 232 can be represented by Formula 1-5.

wherein each of X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ is independently CR¹ or N; each of M, R,

m, n and R¹ to R³ is same as defined in Formula 1-1; and X²¹ to X²⁴ and Y³ is same as defined in Formula 1-2;

Alternatively, in Formula 1-3, X³¹ and X³² are connected to each other to form an aromatic ring or a hetero aromatic ring so that the first compound 232 can be represented by Formula 1-6. Alternatively, in Formula 1-3, X³² and X³³ are connected to each other to form an aromatic ring or a hetero aromatic ring so that the first compound 232 can be represented by Formula 1-7.

wherein each of X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N; M,

m, n, R¹ to R³ is same as defined in Formula 1-1; and each of X³⁴ to X³⁸ and Y⁴ is same as defined in Formula 1-3.

For example, M can be iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). One of X³⁴ to X³⁸ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ can be N, and the rest of X³⁴ to X³⁸ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ can be CR¹. Y⁴ can be CR²R³, N^(a), O or S. R¹ can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group (aryl group) or a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group (hetero aryl group). Each of R² and R³ can be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, a C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group (aryl group) or a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group (hetero aryl group), or optionally, two adjacent R¹ and/or R² and R³ can form a C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, a C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, a C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or a C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring.

For example, in Formula 1-1, the auxiliary ligand can be a bidentate ligand wherein Z¹ and Z² are independently selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a phosphorus atom. The bidentate ligand can be acetylacetonate-containing ligand, or N,N′— or N,O-bidentate anionic ligand.

As an example, the center coordination metal can be iridium and the auxiliary ligand

can be an acetylacetonate-containing ligand. Namely, the first compound 232 can be represented by one of Formulas 1-8 to 1-11:

wherein R in Formulas 1-8 and 1-9 is same as defined in Formula 1-1; each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N; each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, 0, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a); each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1; each of R¹¹ to R¹³ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group; m is an integer of 1 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and wherein m+n is 3.

In Formula 1-1, M can be iridium, one of Z¹ and Z² can be an oxygen atom, and the other one of Z¹ and Z² can be a nitrogen atom. Namely, the first compound 232 can be represented by one of Formulas 1-12 to 1-15.

wherein R in Formulas 1-12 and 1-13 is same as defined in Formula 1-1; each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N; each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a); each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1; each of R⁶¹ to R⁶⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group; m is an integer of 1 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and wherein m+n is 3.

In Formula 1-1, M can be iridium, Z¹ and Z² can be a nitrogen atom. Namely, the first compound 232 can be represented by one of Formulas 1-16 to 1-23.

wherein R in Formulas 1-16, 1-17, 1-20 and 1-21 is same as defined in Formula 1-1; each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ and X⁵ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N; each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a); each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1; m is an integer of 1 to 3, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and wherein m+n is 3; each of R⁷¹ to R⁷³ in Formulas 1-16 to 1-19 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group; each of R⁸¹ to R⁸⁵ in Formulas 1-20 to 1-23 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group.

For example, the first compound 232 represented by Formula 1-8 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-24.

For example, the first compound 232 represented by Formula 1-9 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-25.

For example, the first compound 232 represented by Formula 1-10 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-26.

When Y4 in Formula 1-11 is a unsubstituted or substituted carbon atom, i.e., CH₂ or CR²R³, the first compound 232 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-27.

When Y4 in Formula 1-11 is a unsubstituted or substituted hetero atom, i.e., NR^(a) or O, the first compound 232 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-28.

For example, the first compound 232 can be one of the compounds in Formula 1-29.

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 369 (Compound RD7 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound B-1

Compound A-1 (5-bromoquinoline, 50.0 g, 240.33 mmol), propan-2-ylboronic acid (42.25 g, 480.65 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), 6.6 g, 3 mol %), SPhos (2-dicyclichexhylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl, 9.9 g, 24.03 mmol), potassium phosphate monohydrate (276.71 g, 1.2 mol) and toluene (1000 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was cooled down to a room temperature and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate to remove the solvent. A crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate and hexane) to give the compound B-1 (5-isopropylquinoline, 35.4 g, yield: 86%).

MS (m/z): 171.10

(2) Synthesis of Compound C-1

The compound B-1 (5-isopropylquinoline, 35.4 g, 206.73 mmol), mCBPA (3-chloroperbenzoic acid, 53.5 g, 310.09 mmol) and dichloromethane (500 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Sodium sulfite (80 g) was added into the solution, the organic layer was washed with water and then placed under reduced pressure to give the compound C-1 (27.5 g, yield: 71%).

MS (m/z): 187.10

(3) Synthesis of Compound D1

The compound C-1 (27.5 g, 146.87 mmol) dissolved in toluene (500 mL) was put into a reaction vessel, phosphoryl trichloride (POCl₃, 45.0 g, 293.74 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 38.0 g, 293.74 mmol) were added into the vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 120° C. for 4 hours. The reactants ware placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and extracted with dichloromethane, and then the organic layer was washed with water. Water was removed with MgSO₄, the crude product was filtered and then the solvent was removed. The crude product was purified with column chromatography to give the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 11.8 g, yield: 39%).

MS (m/z); 205.07

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-1

The compound E-1 (1-naphthoic acid, 50 g, 290.30 mmol) and SOCl₂ (200 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, the solution was refluxed for 4 hours, SOCl₂ was removed, ethanol (200 mL) was added, and then the solution was stirred at 70° C. for 7 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with ether, water was removed with MgSO₄ and then the solution was filtered. The solution was placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent and to give the compound F-1 (ethyl-1-naphtoate, 53.2 g, yield: 90%).

MS (m/z): 200.08

(5) Synthesis of Compound G-1

The compound F-1 (ethyl-1-naphtoate, 52.3 g, 261.20 mmol), NBS (N-bromosuccinimide, 51.14 g, 287.32 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (palladium(II)acetate, 0.6 g, 2.61 mmol), Na₂S₂O₈ (124.4 g, 522.40 mmol) and dichloromethane (500 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, TfOH (Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 19.6 g, 130.60 mmol) was added into the reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 70° C. for 1 hour. The reactants were cooled to room temperature, the reaction was complete using NaHCO₃, and then was extracted with dichloromethane. Water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, the solvent was removed, and then the crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) to give the compound G-1 (ethyl-8-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylate, 54.0 g, yield: 74%).

MS (m/z): 277.99

(6) Synthesis of Compound H-1

The compound G-1 (ethyl-8-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylate, 54.0 g, 193.46 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (58.6 g, 232.15 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ ([1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), 7.1 g, 9.67 mmol), KOAc (potassium acetate, 57.0 g, 580.37 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (500 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 100° C. for 4 hours. The reactants were cooled to room temperature, extracted with ethyl acetate, then water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, and then the solution was filtered and placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: hexane and ethyl acetate) to give the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxylate, 54.3 g, yield: 86%).

MS (m/z): 326.17

(7) Synthesis of Compound I-1

The compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol), the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-caroboylate, 17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.5 g, 2.43 mmol), PPh₃ (chloro(tripphenylphosphine)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), 2.6 g, 9.72 mmol), K₂CO₃ (20.2 g, 145.86 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 100° C. for 12 hours. The reactants ware cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, and then the solution was filtered and placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: hexane and ethyl acetate) to give the compound I-1 (ethyl 8-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxylate, 13.5 g, yield: 75%).

MS (m/z): 369.17

(8) Synthesis of Compound J-1

The compound I-1 (ethyl 8-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxylate, 13.5 g, 36.6 mmol) and THF (100 mL) were put into a reaction vessel and then CH₃MgBr (21.8 g, 182.70 mmol) was added dropwise into the reaction vessel at 0° C. The solution was raised to room temperature, the reaction was complete after 12 hours, was extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, and then the solution was filtered and placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: hexane and ethyl acetate) to give the compound J-1 (2-(1-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-8-yl)propan-2-ol, 6.9 g, yield: 53%).

MS (m/z): 355.19

(9) Synthesis of Compound K-1

The compound J-1 (2-(1-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-8-yl)propan-2-ol, 20 g, 56.26 mmol) and a mixed aqueous solution (200 mL) of acetic acid and sulfuric acid were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was refluxed for 16 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was cooled to room temperature, and then the reactants were added dropwise into sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with ice. The organic layer was extracted with dichloromethane and water was removed with MgSO₄. The solvent was removed and then the crude product was recrystallized with toluene and ethanol to give the compound K-1 (9-isopropyl-7,7-dimethyl-7H-naphtho[1,8-bc]acridine, 10.25 g, yield: 54%) of yellow solid.

MS (m/z): 337.18

(10) Synthesis of Compound L-1

The compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol), 2-ethoxyethanol (200 mL) and distilled water (50 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, the solution was bubbled with nitrogen for 1 hour, IrCl₃·H₂O (4.4 g, 13.81 mmol) was added into the reaction vessel, and then the solution was refluxed for 2 days. After the reaction was complete, the solution was cooled to room temperature, and then the obtained solid was filtered. The solid was washed with hexane and water and dried to give the compound L-1 (4.0 g, yield: 32%).

(11) Synthesis of Compound 369

The compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol), 3,7-diethylnonane-4,6-dione (4.7 g, 22.09 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (4.7 g, 441.8 mmol) and 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred slowly for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, dichloromethane was added into the reactants to dissolve product, and then the solution was filtered with celite. The solvent was removed, the solid was filtered using filter paper, then the filtered solid was put into isopropanol, and then the solution was stirred. The solution was filtered to remove isopropanol, and the solution was dried and recrystallized with dichloromethane and isopropanol. High purity of compound 369 (2.5 g, yield: 53%) was obtained using a sublimation purification instrument.

MS (m/z): 1076.48

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2 (Compound RD5 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-2

The compound C-2 (ethyl 3-6-(isopropylisoqunolin-1-yl)-naphthoate (14.4 g, yield: 80%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-2 (1-chloro-6-isopropylisoquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and compound B-2 (ethyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)-2-naphthoate (17.45 g, 53.50 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate, respectively.

MS (m/z): 369.17

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-2

The compound D-2 (2-(3-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-1-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-ol, 6.9 g, yield: 50%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound J-1 except that the compound C-2 (ethyl 3-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-naphthoate, 14.4 g, 39.0 mmol) was used instead of the compound I-1 (ethyl 8-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-1-caroboxylate, 13.5 g, 36.5 mmol).

MS (m/z): 355.19

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-2

The compound E-2 (5-isopropyl-7,7-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]naphtha[2,3-h]quinolone, 11.39 g, yield: 60%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the Compound K-1 except that the compound D-2 (2-(3-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-1-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-ol, 20 g, 56.26 mmol) was used instead of the compound J-1 (2-(1-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-8-yl)propan-2-ol, 20 g, 56.26 mmol).

MS (m/z): 337.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-2

The compound F-2 (4.7 g, yield: 34%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the Compound L-1 except that the compound E-2 (11.39 g, 33.76 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 2

The compound 2 (3.2 g, yield: 57%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the Compound F-2 (4.7 g, 2.61 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1076.48

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 501 (Compound RD8 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-3

The compound C-3 (ethyl 8-6-(isopropylisoquinolin-3-yl)-naphthoate, 12.6 g, yield: 70%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-3 (3-chloro-6-isopropylisoquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) was used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol).

MS (m/z): 369.17

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-3

The compound D-3 (2-(8-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-3-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)propan-2-ol, 7.3 g, yield: 60%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the Compound J-1 except that the compound C-3 (ethyl 8-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-3-yl)naphthoate, 12.6 g, 34.0 mmol) was used instead of the compound I-1 (ethyl 8-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-1-caroboxylate, 13.5 g, 36.5 mmol).

MS (m/z): 355.19

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-3

The compound E-3 (2-isopropyl-13,13-dimethyl-13H-naphtho[1,8-bc]phenanthridine, 4.3 g, yield: 62%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the Compound K-1 except that the compound D-3 (2-(8-(6-isopropylisoquinolin-3-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)propan-2-ol, 7.3 g, 20.4 mmol) was used instead of the compound J-1 (2-(1-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-8-yl)propan-2-ol, 20 g, 56.26 mmol).

MS (m/z): 337.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-3

The compound F-3 (1.9 g, yield: 37%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-3 (2-isopropyl-13,13-dimethyl-13H-naphtho[1,8-bc]phenanthridine, 4.3 g, 12.6 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 501

The compound 501 (1.4 g, yield: 60%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-3 (1.9 g, 1.07 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1076.48

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 182 (Compound RD6 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-4

The compound C-4 (12.2 g, yield: 68%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-4 (10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound B-4 (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 369.17

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-4

The compound D-4 (6.8 g, yield: 58%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound J-1 except that the compound C-4 (12.2 g, 33.02 mmol) was used instead of the compound I-1 (ethyl 8-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-1-caroboxylate, 13.5 g, 36.5 mmol).

MS (m/z): 355.19

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-4

The compound E-4 (4.1 g, yield: 63%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound K-1 except that the compound D-4 (6.8 g, 19.15 mmol) was used instead of the compound J-1 (2-(1-(5-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)naphthalene-8-yl)propan-2-ol, 20 g, 56.26 mmol).

MS (m/z): 337.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-4

The compound F-4 (2.1 g, yield: 42%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-4 (4.1 g, 12.15 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 182

The compound 182 (1.1 g, yield: 57%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-4 (2.1 g, 1.17 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1076.48

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 154 (Compound RD9 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-5

The compound C-5 (11.8 g, yield: 78%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-5 (10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound B-5(14.4 g, 53.48 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 312.16

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-5

The compound C-5 (11.8 g, 37.75 mmol) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (200 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, then CuI (10.8 g, 56.66 mmol) was added into the reaction vessel, and then the solution was refluxed at 150° C. for 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was filtered, extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, and then the solution was filtered and placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: hexane and ethyl acetate) to give the compound D-5 (4.6 g, yield: 39%).

MS (m/z): 310.15

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-5

The compound D-5 (4.6 g, 14.82 mmol), 1-iodobenzene (3.3 g, 16.30 mmol) and toluene (200 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, then Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.7 g, 0.74 mmol), P(t-Bu)₃ (Tri-tert-butylphosphine, 0.3 g, 1.48 mmol) and NaOt-Bu (sodium tert-butoxide, 2.8 g, 29.64 mmol) were added into the reaction vessel, and then the solution was refluxed at 100° C. for 24 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed with MgSO₄, and then the solution was filtered and placed under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified with column chromatography (eluent: hexane and ethyl acetate) to give the compound E-5 (4.6 g, yield: 81%).

MS (m/z): 386.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-5

The compound F-5 (2.5 g, yield: 47%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-5 (4.6 g, 11.90 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 154

The compound 154 (1.4 g, yield: 46%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-5 (2.5 g, 1.25 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1174.47

Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 334 (Compound RD10 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-6

The compound C-6 (11.4 g, yield: 75%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-6 (10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound B-6 (14.4 g, 53.48 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 312.16

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-6

The compound D-6 (6.8 g, yield: 58%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D5 except that the compound C-6 (11.4 g, 35.49 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-5 (11.8 g, 37.77 mmol).

MS (m/z): 310.15

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-6

The compound E-6 (5.6 g, yield: 78%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound E-5 except that the compound D-6 (5.8 g, 18.61 mmol) was used instead of the compound D-5 (4.6 g, 14.82 mmol).

MS (m/z): 386.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-6

The compound F-6 (2.8 g, yield: 42%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-6 (5.6 g, 14.49 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 334

The compound 334 (2.0 g, yield: 61%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-6 (2.8 g, 1.38 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1174.47

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 465 (Compound RD11 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-7

The compound C-7 (9.0 g, yield: 50%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-7 (10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound B-7 (14.4 g, 53.48 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 312.16

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-7

The compound D-7 (7.4 g, yield: 55%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D-5 except that the compound C-7 (9.0 g, 28.69 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-5 (11.8 g, 37.77 mmol).

MS (m/z): 310.15

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-7

The compound E-7 (4.7 g, yield: 77%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound E-5 except that the compound D-7 (4.9 g, 15.78 mmol) was used instead of the compound D-5 (4.6 g, 14.82 mmol).

MS (m/z): 386.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-7

The compound F-7 (2.6 g, yield: 48%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-7 (4.7 g, 12.16 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 465

The compound 465 (2.0 g, yield: 64%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-7 (2.6 g, 1.33 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1174.47

Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 582 (Compound RD12 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-8

The compound C-8 (9.0 g, yield: 50%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-8 (10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound B-8 (14.4 g, 53.48 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 312.16

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-8

The compound D-8 (7.4 g, yield: 55%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D-5 except that the compound C-8 (10.0 g, 35.01 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-5 (11.8 g, 37.77 mmol).

MS (m/z): 310.15

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-8

The compound E-8 (5.3 g, yield: 83%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound E-5 except that the compound D-8 (5.1 g, 15.45 mmol) was used instead of the compound D-5 (4.6 g, 14.82 mmol).

MS (m/z): 386.18

(4) Synthesis of Compound F-8

The compound F-8 (2.4 g, yield: 39%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound E-8 (5.3 g, 13.66 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(5) Synthesis of Compound 582

The compound 582 (1.8 g, yield: 64%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound F-8 (2.4 g, 1.1 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1174.47

Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound 168 (Compound RD13 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-9

The compound C-9 (9.9 g, yield: 67%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-9 (10 g, 44.71 mmol) and the compound B-9 (13.3 g, 49.18 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 331.14

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-9

The compound C-9 (9.9 g, 29.88 mmol) and DMF (100 mL) were put into a reaction vessel, and the compound C-9 was dissolved in DMF, K₂CO₃ (12.4 g, 89.62 mmol) was added into the reaction vessel, and then the solution was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solution was cooled to room temperature and then ethanol (100 mL) was added into the reaction vessel. After the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure, the reactants were recrystallized with chloroform/ethyl acetate to give the compound D-9 (4.9 g, yield: 53%).

MS (m/z): 311.13

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-9

The compound E-9 (3.1 g, yield: 50%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound D-9 (4.9 g, 15.83 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(4) Synthesis of Compound 168

The compound 168 (2.0 g, yield: 54%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound E-9 (3.1 g, 1.80 mmol) was used instead of the Compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1024.38

Synthesis Example 10: Synthesis of Compound 348 (Compound RD14 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-10

The compound C-10 (9.0 g, yield: 64%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-10 (10 g, 44.71 mmol) and the compound B-10 (13.3 g, 49.18 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

Ms (m/z): 331.14

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-10

The compound D-10 (5.0 g, yield: 55%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D-9 except that the compound C-10 (9.6 g, 29.06 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-9 (9.9 g, 28.88 mmol).

MS (m/z): 311.13

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-10

The compound E-10 (3.5 g, yield: 57%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound D-10 (5.0 g, 15.98 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(4) Synthesis of Compound 348

The compound 348 (1.8 g, yield: 43%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound E-10 (3.5 g, 2.07 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1024.38

Synthesis Example 11: Synthesis of Compound 483 (Compound RD15 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-11

The compound C-11 (7.9 g, yield: 53%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-11 (10 g, 44.71 mmol) and the compound B-11 (13.3 g, 49.18 mmol) were used instead of the Compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 331.14

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-11

The compound D-11 (3.8 g, yield: 51%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D-9 except that the compound C-11 (7.9 g, 23.07 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-9 (9.9 g, 28.88 mmol).

MS (m/z): 311.13

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-11

The compound E-11 (3.0 g, yield: 63%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound D-11 (3.8 g, 12.20 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(4) Synthesis of Compound 483

The compound 483 (1.6 g, yield: 44%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound E-11 (3.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1024.38

Synthesis Example 12: Synthesis of Compound 598 (Compound RD16 in Formula 8) (1) Synthesis of Compound C-12

The compound C-12 (9.8 g, yield: 66%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound I-1 except that the compound A-12 (10 g, 44.71 mmol) and the compound B-12 (13.3 g, 49.18 mmol) were used instead of the compound D-1 (2-chloro-5-isopropylquinoline, 10 g, 48.62 mmol) and the compound H-1 (ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxanborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxlate (17.45 g, 53.48 mmol), respectively.

MS (m/z): 331.14

(2) Synthesis of Compound D-12

The compound D-12 (5.0 g, yield: 54%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound D-9 except that the compound C-12 (9.8 g, 29.51 mmol) was used instead of the compound C-9 (9.9 g, 28.88 mmol).

MS (m/z): 311.13

(3) Synthesis of Compound E-12

The compound E-12 (3.4 g, yield: 55%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of the compound L-1 except that the compound D-12 (5.0 g, 15.93 mmol) was used instead of the compound K-1 (10.25 g, 30.37 mmol).

(4) Synthesis of Compound 598

The compound 598 (1.6 g, yield: 39%) was obtained by repeating the synthesis process of compound 369 except that the compound E-12 (3.4 g, 1.99 mmol) was used instead of the compound L-1 (4.0 g, 2.21 mmol).

MS (m/z): 1024.38

Synthesis Example 13: Synthesis of Compound RD1 (Compound 4 in Formula 1-24) (1) Synthesis of Compound B-1

The compound A-1 (1-chloro-6-isobutylisoquinoline, 10 g, 45.51 mmol), ethyl 3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-naphthoate (16.3 g, 50.06 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.51 g, 2.28 mmol), PPh₃ (2.39 g, 0.91 mmol), K₂CO₃ (18.9 g, 136.53 mmol), 1-4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were stirred at 100° C. for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, extraction was performed with ethyl acetate, and water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄. Then, the mixture was filtered under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the compound B-1 (10 g, 26.07 mmol). (yield: 57%)

(2) Synthesis of Compound C-1

The compound B-1 (ethyl 3-(6-isobutylisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-naphthoate, 10 g, 26.07 mmol) and THF (100 mL) were added, and CH₃MgBr (15.5 g, 130 mmol) was slowly added at 0° C. The temperature was raised to room temperature, and the reaction was terminated after 12 hours. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate, and the compound C-1 (7 g, 18.94 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 73%)

(3) Synthesis of Compound D-1

The compound C-1 (2-(3-(6-isobutylisoquinolin-1-yl)naphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-ol, 10 g, 27.06 mmol) was added to a mixed aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid (200 mL), and the mixture was reflux and stirred for 16 hours. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the reactant was slowly added to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. After extracting the organic layer using dichloromethane and removing water using MgSO₄, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was recrystallized using toluene and ethanol to obtain the compound D-1 (5 g, 14.22 mmol) in a yellow solid state. (yield: 53%) (4) Synthesis of compound E-1

The compound D-1 (5-isobutyl-7,7-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]naphtho[2,3-h]quinoline, 10 g, 28.45 mmol), 2-ethoxyethanol (200 mL) and distilled water (50 mL) were added, and nitrogen was injected to the mixture for 1 hour. IrCl₃·H₂O (4.5 g, 12.93 mmol) was put in the reaction vessel and refluxed for 2 days. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature and the resulting solid was filtered. After washing the solid with methanol and drying the solid, the compound E-1 (7.0 g, 6.05 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 21%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound RD1

The compound E-1 (10 g, 8.64 mmol), 3,7-diethylnonane-4,6-dione (18.3 g, 86.4 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (18.3 g, 172.8 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. Recrystallization and sublimation purification using dichloromethane and isopropanol were performed to obtain the compound RD1 with high purity (5 g, 4.53 mmol). (yield: 52%)

Synthesis Example 14: Synthesis of Compound RD2 (Compound 184 in Formula 1-25) (1) Synthesis of Compound B-2

The compound A-2 (1-chloro-6-isobutylisoquinoline, 10 g, 45.51 mmol), ethyl 2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-naphthoate (16.3 g, 50.06 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.51 g, 2.28 mmol), PPh₃ (2.39 g, 0.91 mmol), K₂CO₃ (18.9 g, 136.53 mmol), 1-4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were stirred at 100° C. for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, extraction was performed with ethyl acetate, and water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄. Then, the mixture was filtered under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the compound B-2 (9 g, 23.47 mmol). (yield: 52%)

(2) Synthesis of Compound C-2

The compound B-2 (ethyl 2-(6-isobutylisoquinolin-1-yl)-1-naphthoate, 10 g, 26.07 mmol) and THF (100 mL) were added, and CH₃MgBr (15.5 g, 130 mmol) was slowly added at 0° C. The temperature was raised to room temperature, and the reaction was terminated after 12 hours. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate, and the compound C-2 (6 g, 16.23 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 62%)

(3) Synthesis of Compound D-2

The compound C-2 (2-(2-(6-isobutylisoquinolin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)propan-2-ol, 10 g, 27.06 mmol) was added to a mixed aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid (200 mL), and the mixture was reflux and stirred for 16 hours. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the reactant was slowly added to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. After extracting the organic layer using dichloromethane and removing water using MgSO₄, the organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was recrystallized using toluene and ethanol to obtain the compound D-2 (4 g, 11.38 mmol) in a yellow solid state. (yield: 42%)

(4) Synthesis of Compound E-2

The compound D-2 (5-isobutyl-7,7-dimethyl-7H-benzo[de]naphtho[1,2-h]quinoline, 10 g, 28.45 mmol), 2-ethoxyethanol (200 mL) and distilled water (50 mL) were added, and nitrogen was injected to the mixture for 1 hour. IrCl3.H20 (4.5 g, 12.93 mmol) was put in the reaction vessel and refluxed for 2 days. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered to room temperature and the resulting solid was filtered. After washing the solid with methanol and drying the solid, the compound E-2 (10 g, 8.65 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 30%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound RD2

The compound E-2 (10 g, 8.64 mmol), 3,7-diethylnonane-4,6-dione (18.3 g, 86.4 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (18.3 g, 172.8 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized and purified using dichloromethane and isopropanol to obtain the compound RD2 with high purity (4 g, 3.98 mmol). (yield: 46%)

Synthesis Example 15: Synthesis of Compound RD3 (Compound 371 in Formula 1-26) (1) Synthesis of Compound B-3

The compound A-3 (5-bromoquinoline, 50 g, 240.33 mmol), isobutylboronic acid (49 g, 480.65 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (6.6 g, 3 mol %), Sphos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl, 9.9 g, 24.03 mmol), potassium phosphate monohydrate (276.71 g, 1.2 mol) and toluene(1000 mL) were stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was lowered, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. After the solvent was removed, the mixture was wet-purified using ethyl acetate and hexane to obtain the compound B-3 (35 g, 188.92 mmol). (yield: 79%)

(2) Synthesis of Compound C-3

The compound B-3 (5-isobutylquinoline, 35 g, 188.92 mmol), 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (57 g, 283.38 mmol) and dichloromethane (500 mL) were stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, sodium sulfite (80 g) was added into the mixture. The organic layer was extracted and the pressure was lowered so that the compound C-3 (27 g, 134.15 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 71%)

(3) Synthesis of Compound D-3

The compound C-3 (25 g, 124.22 mmol) and toluene (500 mL) were added, and phosphoryl trichloride (38.1 g, 248.44 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (32.1 g, 248.44 mmol) were added into the mixture. The mixture was stirred at the temperature of 120° C. for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the pressure was lowered. The mixture was filtered using MgSO₄ under reduced pressure, and the organic solvent was removed. The mixture was wet-purified to obtain the compound D-3 (30 g, 91.0 mmol). (yield: 73%)

(4) Synthesis of Compound E-3

The compound D-3 (10 g, 45.51 mmol), ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxylate (16.33 g, 50.06 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.5 g, 2.28 mmol), PPh₃ (2.4 g, 9.10 mmol), K₂CO₃ (18.9 g, 136.53 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL)) were stirred at 100° C. for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄. The solvent was removed from the mixture by lowering the pressure. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the compound E-3 (13 g, 33.90 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 74%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound F3

The compound E-3 (10 g, 26.07 mmol) and THF (100 mL) were added, and CH₃MgBr (15.5 g, 130.35 mmol) was slowly added at 0° C. After the reaction proceeded at room temperature for 12 hours, the mixture was worked-up using ethyl acetate and MgSO₄. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the compound F-3 (6 g, 16.24 mmol). (yield: 62%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound G3

The compound F-3 (20 g, 54.12 mmol) and a mixed aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid (200 mL) were added and refluxed for 16 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reactant was slowly added to a cold aqueous sodium hydroxide (cool sodium hydroxide) solution. After work-up using dichloromethane and MgSO₄, and the mixture was recrystallized using toluene and ethanol to obtain the compound G-3 (10 g, 28.45 mmol) in a yellow solid state. (yield: 53%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound H₃

The compound G-3 (10 g, 28.45 mmol), 2-ethoxyethanol (200 mL) and distilled water (50 mL) were added, and nitrogen was bubbled for 1 hour. Then, IrCl3.H₂O (4.5 g, 14.22 mmol) was added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 days. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was slowly lowered to room temperature and the resulting solid was filtered. The solid was washed with hexane and methanol and dried to obtain the compound H-3 (6.0 g, 5.19 mmol). (yield: 18%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound RD3

The compound H-3 (10 g, 8.64 mmol), 3,7-diethylnonane-4,6-dione (18.3 g, 86.4 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (18.3 g, 172.8 mmol) was added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol, and the mixture was stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered, and the filtered solid was dried. The solid was recrystallized using dichloromethane and isopropanol and was purified to obtain the compound RD3 (4 g, 3.62 mmol) with high purity. (yield: 42%)

Synthesis Example 16: Synthesis of Compound RD4 (Compound 503 in Formula 1-27) (1) Synthesis of Compound B-4

The compound A-4 (10 g, 45.51 mmol), ethyl 8-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-carboxylate (16.33 g, 50.06 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.5 g, 2.28 mmol), PPh₃ (2.4 g, 9.10 mmol), K₂CO₃ (18.9 g, 136.53 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were stirred at 100° C. for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and water in the organic layer was removed using MgSO₄. The solvent was removed from the mixture by lowering the pressure. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the compound B-4 (13 g, 33.90 mmol). (yield: 74%)

(2) Synthesis of Compound C-4

The compound B-4 (10 g, 26.07 mmol) and THF (100 mL) were added, and CH₃MgBr (15.5 g, 130 mmol) was slowly added at 0° C. The reaction was proceeded for 12 hours, and the mixture was worked-up using ethyl acetate and MgSO₄. The mixture was wet-purified using hexane and ethyl acetate, and the compound C-4 (6 g, 16.24 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 62%)

(3) Synthesis of Compound D-4

The compound C-4 (20 g, 54.12 mmol) was added to a mixed aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid (200 mL), and the mixture was reflux for 16 hours. After completion of the reaction, a cold sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was slowly added into the mixture. The mixture was worked-up using dichloromethane and MgSO₄. The mixture was recrystallized using toluene and ethanol to obtain the compound D-4 (10 g, 28.45 mmol) in a yellow solid state. (yield: 53%)

(4) Synthesis of Compound E-4

The compound D-4 (10 g, 28.45 mmol), 2-ethoxyethanol (200 mL) and distilled water (50 mL) were added, and nitrogen was injected to the mixture for 1 hour. IrCl₃.H₂O (4.5 g, 14.22 mmol) was put in the reaction vessel and refluxed for 2 days. After completion of the reaction, the temperature was slowly lowered to room temperature and the resulting solid was filtered. After washing the solid with methanol and drying the solid, the compound E-4 (6.0 g, 5.19 mmol) was obtained. (yield: 18%)

(5) Synthesis of Compound RD4

The compound E-4 (10 g, 8.64 mmol), 3,7-diethylnonane-4,6-dione (18.3 g, 86.4 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (18.3 g, 172.8 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized and purified using dichloromethane and isopropanol to obtain the compound RD4 with high purity (4 g, 3.62 mmol). (yield: 42%)

Synthesis Example 17: Synthesis of Compound RD17 (Compound 610 in Formula 1-29)

The compound A-17 (10 g, 5.38 mmol), 3,7-diethyl-3,7-dimethylnonane-4,6-dione (12.94 g, 53.84 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (11.4 g, 107.7 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized using dichloromethane and isopropanol and purified to obtain the compound RD17 with high purity (3.8 g, 3.36 mmol). (yield: 42%)

Synthesis Example 18: Synthesis of Compound RD18 (Compound 611 in Formula 1-291

Under the nitrogen condition, bromobenzene (1.01 g, 6.46 mmol) and 50 ml of THF were put in a reaction vessel, and the temperature was lowered to −78° C. n-BuLi (2.6 ml, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added in to the mixture. After 30 minutes, while maintaining the temperature, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.82 g, 6.46 mmol) was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was added to a reaction vessel, in which the compound A-18 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml THF, and stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. The temperature of the mixture was lowered to room temperature and volatile substances were removed. After the mixture was recrystallized using THF/pentane and dichloromethane/hexane, purification was performed to obtain the compound RD18 with high purity (2.3 g, 2.03 mmol).

Synthesis Example 19: Synthesis of Compound RD19 (Compound 612 in Formula 1-291

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-19 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-1 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD19 with high purity (1.1 g, 1.01 mmol).

Synthesis Example 20: Synthesis of Compound RD20 (Compound 613 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-20 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-2 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD20 with high purity (0.9 g, 0.80 mmol).

Synthesis Example 21: Synthesis of Compound RD21 (Compound 614 in Formula 1-29)

The compound A-21 (10 g, 5.38 mmol), 3,7-diethyl-3,7-dimethylnonane-4,6-dione (12.94 g, 53.84 mmol) and Na₂C₀₃ (11.4 g, 107.7 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized using dichloromethane and isopropanol and purified to obtain the compound RD21 with high purity (3.4 g, 3.00 mmol).

Synthesis Example 22: Synthesis of Compound RD22 (Compound 615 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, bromobenzene (1.01 g, 6.46 mmol) and 50 ml of THF were put in a reaction vessel, and the temperature was lowered to −78° C. n-BuLi (2.6 ml, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added in to the mixture. After 30 minutes, while maintaining the temperature, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.82 g, 6.46 mmol) was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was added to a reaction vessel, in which the compound A-22 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml THF, and stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. The temperature of the mixture was lowered to room temperature and volatile substances were removed. After the mixture was recrystallized using THF/pentane and dichloromethane/hexane, purification was performed to obtain the compound RD22 with high purity (2.0 g, 1.82 mmol).

Synthesis Example 23: Synthesis of Compound RD23 (Compound 616 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-23 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-1 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD23 with high purity (2.5 g, 2.29 mmol).

Synthesis Example 24: Synthesis of Compound RD24 (Compound 617 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-24 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-2 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD24 with high purity (2.2 g, 1.95 mmol).

Synthesis Example 25: Synthesis of Compound RD25 (Compound 618 in Formula 1-29)

The compound A-25 (10 g, 5.38 mmol), 3,7-diethyl-3,7-dimethylnonane-4,6-dione (12.94 g, 53.84 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (11.4 g, 107.7 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized using dichloromethane and isopropanol and purified to obtain the compound RD25 with high purity (3.3 g, 2.91 mmol).

Synthesis Example 26: Synthesis of Compound RD26 (Compound 619 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, bromobenzene (1.01 g, 6.46 mmol) and 50 ml of THF were put in a reaction vessel, and the temperature was lowered to −78° C. n-BuLi (2.6 ml, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added in to the mixture. After 30 minutes, while maintaining the temperature, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.82 g, 6.46 mmol) was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was added to a reaction vessel, in which the compound A-26 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml THF, and stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. The temperature of the mixture was lowered to room temperature and volatile substances were removed. After the mixture was recrystallized using THF/pentane and dichloromethane/hexane, purification was performed to obtain the compound RD26 with high purity (2.1 g, 1.92 mmol).

Synthesis Example 27: Synthesis of Compound RD27 (Compound 620 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-27 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-1 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD27 with high purity (2.2 g, 2.02 mmol).

Synthesis Example 28: Synthesis of Compound RD28 (Compound 621 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-28 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-2 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD28 with high purity (1.9 g, 1.68 mmol).

Synthesis Example 29: Synthesis of Compound RD29 (Compound 622 in Formula 1-29)

The compound A-29 (10 g, 5.38 mmol), 3,7-diethyl-3,7-dimethylnonane-4,6-dione (12.94 g, 53.84 mmol) and Na₂CO₃ (11.4 g, 107.7 mmol) were added and dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol (100 mL). The mixture was slowly stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the product was filtered using dichloromethane. After removing the solvent, the solid was filtered. The filtered solid was added to isopropanol and stirred, and then the filtered solid was dried. The mixture was recrystallized using dichloromethane and isopropanol and purified to obtain the compound RD29 with high purity (3.9 g, 3.44 mmol).

Synthesis Example 30: Synthesis of Compound RD30 (Compound 623 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, bromobenzene (1.01 g, 6.46 mmol) and 50 ml of THF were put in a reaction vessel, and the temperature was lowered to −78° C. n-BuLi (2.6 ml, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added in to the mixture. After 30 minutes, while maintaining the temperature, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.82 g, 6.46 mmol) was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was added to a reaction vessel, in which the compound A-30 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml THF, and stirred at 80° C. for 8 hours. The temperature of the mixture was lowered to room temperature and volatile substances were removed. After the mixture was recrystallized using THF/pentane and dichloromethane/hexane, purification was performed to obtain the compound RD30 with high purity (2.7 g, 2.46 mmol).

Synthesis Example 31: Synthesis of Compound RD31 (Compound 624 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-31 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-1 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD31 with high purity (2.0 g, 1.84 mmol).

Synthesis Example 32: Synthesis of Compound RD32 (Compound 625 in Formula 1-29)

Under the nitrogen condition, the compound A-32 (3 g, 1.62 mmol) and THT (100 ml) were added in a reaction vessel, and the compound F-2 (0.8 g, 3.56 mmol) dissolved in THF was slowly added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The mixture was extracted using toluene, the solvent was removed, and diethyl ether was added to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified to obtain the compound RD32 with high purity (1.8 g, 1.59 mmol).

The second compound 234 has an excellent hole-dominant property (characteristic) and is represented by Formula 2-1.

wherein one of X¹² and X¹³ is a nitrogen atom (N), and the other one of X¹² and X¹³ is an oxygen atom (O) or a sulfur atom (S); each of R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L¹ is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and a is 0 or 1.

For example, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ may be same or different. The C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, the C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group, the C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and the C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group may be substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group.

For example, R⁴ may be selected from an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group. L¹ may be selected from an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene, or a may be 0.

In one exemplary embodiment, R⁴ may be an unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, e.g., phenyl. Each of R⁵ and R⁶ may be independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl, a substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, e.g., 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl, and an unsubstituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group, e.g., dibenzofuranyl or dibenzothiophenyl. L¹ may be an unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group, e.g., phenylene.

In one exemplary embodiment, R⁵ and R⁶ may be different, R⁵ may be phenyl or biphenyl, and R⁶ may be selected from biphenyl, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiophenyl.

For example, the second compound 234 can be one of the compounds in Formula 2-2.

The third compound 236 has an excellent electron-dominant property (characteristic) and is represented by Formula 3-1.

wherein X is O or S; each of Y and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L² is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and b is 0 or 1.

When a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, a C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group, a C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and a C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group are substituted, a substituent can be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group and a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group.

For example, Y and Z can be same or different. Each of Y and Z can be independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group, naphthyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl and phenylcarbazolyl.

In an exemplary embodiment, Y can be phenyl or biphenyl, and Z can be phenyl, naphthyl or dibenzothiophenyl.

For example, the third compound 236 of Formula 3-1 can be represented by Formula 3-2.

In Formula 3-2, X can be O, and a linking position of a triazine moiety or L² as a linker to a naphtho benzofuran moiety can be specified. Namely, the third compound 236 of Formula 3-1 can be represented by Formula 3-3.

When the third compound 236 represented by Formula 3-3, in which a linking position of a triazine moiety or L² as a linker to a naphtho benzofuran moiety can be specified, with the first and second compounds 232 and 234 is included in the red EML 230, the emitting efficiency and the lifepsan of the OLED D1 are significantly improved.

For example, the third compound 236 can be one of the compounds in Formula 3-4.

The HIL 210 is positioned between the first electrode 160 and the HTL 220. The HIL 210 can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylamino)triphenylamine (MTDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N,N-diphenyl-amino)triphenylamine (NATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (1T-NATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalene-2-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (2T-NATA), copper phthalocyanine(CuPc), tris(4-carbazoyl-9-yl-phenyl)amine (TCTA), N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4″-diamine (NPB or NPD), 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile(dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′3′-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), 1,3,5-tris[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]benzene (TDAPB), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS), and N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, but it is not limited thereto. The HIL 210 can have a thickness of 10 to 200 Å, preferably 50 to 150 Å.

The HTL 220 is positioned between the HIL 210 and the red EML 230. The HTL 220 can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD), NPB (or NPD), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), poly[N,N′-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine](poly-TPD), (poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4′-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine))](TFB), di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (DCDPA), N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)biphenyl-4-amine, and a compound in Formula 4, but it is not limited thereto. The HTL 220 can have a thickness of 500 to 900 Å, preferably 600 to 800 Å.

The ETL 240 is positioned between the red EML 230 and the second electrode 164 and includes at least one of an oxadiazole-containing compound, a triazole-containing compound, a phenanthroline-containing compound, a benzoxazole-containing compound, a benzothiazole-containing compound, a benzimidazole-containing compound, and a triazine-containing compound. For example, the ETL 240 can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq₃), 2-biphenyl-4-yl-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), spiro-PBD, lithium quinolate (Liq), 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (NBphen), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenathroline (BCP), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 1,3,5-tri(p-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TpPyPB), 2,4,6-tris(3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)1,3,5-triazine (TmPPPyTz), Poly[9,9-bis(3′-((N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammonium)-propyl)-2,7-fluorene]-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)](PFNBr), tris(phenylquinoxaline) (TPQ), and diphenyl-4-triphenylsilyl-phenylphosphine oxide (TSPO1), but it is not limited thereto. The ETL 240 can have a thickness of 100 to 500 Å, preferably 200 to 400 Å.

The EIL 250 is positioned between the ETL 240 and the second electrode 164. The EIL 250 at least one of an alkali halide compound, such as LiF, CsF, NaF, or BaF₂, and an organo-metallic compound, such as Liq, lithium benzoate, or sodium stearate, but it is not limited thereto. The EIL 250 can have a thickness of 1 to 20 Å, preferably 5 to 15 Å.

The EBL, which is positioned between the HTL 220 and the red EML 230 to block the electron transfer from the red EML 230 to the HTL 220, can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of TCTA, tris[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]amine, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, TAPC, MTDATA, 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 3,3′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl(mCBP), CuPc, N,N′-bis[4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl]-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (DNTPD), TDAPB, DCDPA, and 2,8-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene), but it is not limited thereto.

The HBL, which is positioned between the ETL 240 and the red EML 230 to block the hole transfer from the red EML 230 to the ETL 240, can include the above material of the ETL 240. For example, the material of the HBL has a HOMO energy level being lower than a material of the red EML 230 and can be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of BCP, BAlq, Alq3, PBD, spiro-PBD, Liq, bis-4,6-(3,5-di-3-pyridylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine (B3PYMPM), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 9-(6-9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine-3-yl)-9H-3,9′-bicarbazole, and TSPO1, but it is not limited thereto.

As illustrated above, the OLED D1 is positioned in the red pixel region, and the red EML 230 of the OLED D1 includes the first compound 232, which is represented by Formula 1-1, being a dopant, the second compound 234, which is represented by Formula 2-1, being a first host or a p-type host and the third compound 236, which is represented by Formula 3-1, being a second host or an n-type host. As a result, in the OLED D1, the driving voltage is decreased, and the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan is increased.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the OLED D2 includes first and second electrodes 160 and 164 facing each other and the organic emitting layer 162 therebetween. The organic emitting layer 162 includes a first emitting part 710 including a first red EML 720 and a second emitting part 730 including a second red EML 740. In addition, the organic emitting layer 162 can further include a charge generation layer (CGL) 750 between the first and second emitting parts 710 and 730.

For example, the first electrode 160 can include a transparent conductive material, e.g., ITO or IZO, and the second electrode 164 can include one of Al, Mg, Ag, AlMg and MgAg.

The CGL 750 is positioned between the first and second emitting parts 710 and 730 so that the first emitting part 710, the CGL 750 and the second emitting part 730 are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 160. Namely, the first emitting part 710 is positioned between the first electrode 160 and the CGL 750, and the second emitting part 730 is positioned between the second electrode 164 and the CGL 750.

As illustrated below, the first emitting part 710 includes the first red EML 720. The first red EML 720 includes a first compound 722 as a red dopant (e.g., a red emitter), a second compound 724 as a p-type host (e.g., a first host) and a third compound 726 as an n-type host (e.g., a second host). In the first red EML 720, the first compound 722 is represented by Formula 1-1, the second compound 724 is represented by Formula 2-1, and the third compound 726 is represented by Formula 3-1.

The first red EML 720 can have a thickness of 100 to 400 Å, e.g., 200 to 400 Å, but it is not limited thereto.

In the first red EML 720, each of the second and third compounds 724 and 726 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 722. For example, in the first red EML 720, the first compound 722 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the first red EML 720, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 724 and the third compound 726 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the first red EML 720, the second and third compounds 724 and 726 can have the same weight %.

The first emitting part 710 can further include at least one of a first HTL 714 under the first red EML 720 and a first ETL 716 on or over the first red EML 720. Namely, the first HTL 714 is disposed between the first red EML 720 and the first electrode 160, and the first ETL 716 is disposed between the first red EML 720 and the CGL 750.

In addition, the first emitting part 710 can further include an HIL 712 between the first electrode 160 and the first HTL 714.

As illustrated below, the second emitting part 730 includes the second red EML 740. The second red EML 740 includes a first compound 742, e.g., a fourth compound, as a red dopant (e.g., a red emitter), a second compound 744, e.g., a fifth compound, as a p-type host (e.g., a first host) and a third compound 726, e.g., a sixth compound, as an n-type host (e.g., a second host). In the second red EML 740, the first compound 742 is represented by Formula 1-1, the second compound 744 is represented by Formula 2-1, and the third compound 746 is represented by Formula 3-1.

The second red EML 740 can have a thickness of 100 to 400 Å, e.g., 200 to 400 Å, but it is not limited thereto.

In the second red EML 740, each of the second and third compounds 744 and 746 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 742. For example, in the second red EML 740, the first compound 742 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the second red EML 740, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 744 and the third compound 746 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the second red EML 740, the second and third compounds 744 and 746 can have the same weight %.

The first compound 742 in the second red EML 740 and the first compound 722 in the first red EML 720 can be same or different. The second compound 744 in the second red EML 740 and the second compound 724 in the first red EML 720 can be same or different. The third compound 746 in the second red EML 740 and the third compound 726 in the first red EML 720 can be same or different.

The second emitting part 730 can further include at least one of a second HTL 732 under the second red EML 740 and a second ETL 734 on or over the second red EML 740. Namely, the second HTL 732 is disposed between the second red EML 740 and the CGL 750, and the second ETL 734 is disposed between the second red EML 740 and the second electrode 164.

In addition, the second emitting part 730 can further include an EIL 736 between the second ETL 734 and the second electrode 164.

The CGL 750 is positioned between the first and second emitting parts 710 and 730. Namely, the first and second emitting parts 710 and 730 are connected to each other through the CGL 750. The CGL 750 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 752 and a P-type CGL 754.

The N-type CGL 752 is positioned between the first ETL 716 and the second HTL 732, and the P-type CGL 754 is positioned between the N-type CGL 752 and the second HTL 732.

In the OLED D2, at least one of the first and second red EMLs 720 and 740 includes a first compound, e.g., a red dopant, represented by Formula 1-1, a second compound, e.g., a p-type host, represented by Formula 2-1 and a third compound, e.g., an n-type host, represented by Formula 3-1. As a result, the OLED D2 has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an organic light emitting display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the organic light emitting display device 300 includes a first substrate 310, where a red pixel region RP, a green pixel region GP and a blue pixel region BP are defined, a second substrate 370 facing the first substrate 310, an OLED D, which is positioned between the first and second substrates 310 and 370 and providing white emission, and a color filter layer 380 between the OLED D and the second substrate 370.

Each of the first and second substrates 310 and 370 can be a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. For example, each of the first and second substrates 310 and 370 can be a polyimide (PI) substrate, a polyethersulfone (PES) substrate, a polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate or a polycarbonate (PC) substrate.

A buffer layer 320 is formed on the substrate, and the TFT Tr corresponding to each of the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP is formed on the buffer layer 320. The buffer layer 320 can be omitted.

A semiconductor layer 322 is formed on the buffer layer 320. The semiconductor layer 322 can include an oxide semiconductor material or polycrystalline silicon.

A gate insulating layer 324 is formed on the semiconductor layer 322. The gate insulating layer 324 can be formed of an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride.

A gate electrode 330, which is formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal, is formed on the gate insulating layer 324 to correspond to a center of the semiconductor layer 322.

An interlayer insulating layer 332, which is formed of an insulating material, is formed on the gate electrode 330. The interlayer insulating layer 332 can be formed of an inorganic insulating material, e.g., silicon oxide or silicon nitride, or an organic insulating material, e.g., benzocyclobutene or photo-acryl.

The interlayer insulating layer 332 includes first and second contact holes 334 and 336 exposing both sides of the semiconductor layer 322. The first and second contact holes 334 and 336 are positioned at both sides of the gate electrode 330 to be spaced apart from the gate electrode 330.

A source electrode 340 and a drain electrode 342, which are formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal, are formed on the interlayer insulating layer 332.

The source electrode 340 and the drain electrode 342 are spaced apart from each other with respect to the gate electrode 330 and respectively contact both sides of the semiconductor layer 322 through the first and second contact holes 334 and 336.

The semiconductor layer 322, the gate electrode 330, the source electrode 340 and the drain electrode 342 constitute the TFT Tr. The TFT Tr serves as a driving element. Namely, the TFT Tr can correspond to the driving TFT Td (of FIG. 1 ).

The gate line and the data line cross each other to define the pixel, and the switching TFT is formed to be connected to the gate and data lines. The switching TFT is connected to the TFT Tr as the driving element.

In addition, the power line, which can be formed to be parallel to and spaced apart from one of the gate and data lines, and the storage capacitor for maintaining the voltage of the gate electrode of the TFT Tr in one frame can be further formed.

A planarization layer 350, which includes a drain contact hole 352 exposing the drain electrode 342 of the TFT Tr, is formed to cover the TFT Tr.

A first electrode 360, which is connected to the drain electrode 342 of the TFT Tr through the drain contact hole 352, is separately formed in each pixel region and on the planarization layer 350. The first electrode 360 can be an anode and can be formed of a conductive material, e.g., a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), having a relatively high work function. The first electrode 360 can further include a reflection electrode or a reflection layer. For example, the reflection electrode or the reflective layer can include Ag or aluminum-palladium-copper (APC). In a top-emission type organic light emitting display device 300, the first electrode 360 can have a structure of ITO/Ag/ITO or ITO/APC/ITO.

A bank layer 366 is formed on the planarization layer 350 to cover an edge of the first electrode 360. Namely, the bank layer 366 is positioned at a boundary of the pixel and exposes a center of the first electrode 360 in the pixel. Since the OLED D emits the white light in the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP, the organic emitting layer 362 can be formed as a common layer in the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP without separation. The bank layer 366 can be formed to prevent a current leakage at an edge of the first electrode 360 and can be omitted.

An organic emitting layer 362 is formed on the first electrode 360. As illustrated below, the organic emitting layer 362 includes at least two emitting parts, and each emitting part includes at least one EML. As a result, the OLED D emits the white light.

At least one of the emitting parts includes a first compound, e.g., a red dopant, represented by Formula 1-1, a second compound, e.g., a p-type host or a first host, represented by Formula 2-1 and a third compound, e.g., an n-type host or a second host, represented by Formula 3-1 to emit the red light.

A second electrode 364 is formed over the substrate 310 where the organic emitting layer 362 is formed.

In the organic light emitting display device 300, since the light emitted from the organic emitting layer 362 is incident to the color filter layer 380 through the second electrode 364, the second electrode 364 has a thin profile for transmitting the light.

The first electrode 360, the organic emitting layer 362 and the second electrode 364 constitute the OLED D.

The color filter layer 380 is positioned over the OLED D and includes a red color filter 382, a green color filter 384 and a blue color filter 386 respectively corresponding to the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP. The red color filter 382 can include at least one of red dye and red pigment, the green color filter 384 can include at least one of green dye and green pigment, and the blue color filter 386 can include at least one of blue dye and blue pigment.

The color filter layer 380 can be attached to the OLED D by using an adhesive layer. Alternatively, the color filter layer 380 can be formed directly on the OLED D.

An encapsulation film can be formed to prevent penetration of moisture into the OLED D. For example, the encapsulation film can include a first inorganic insulating layer, an organic insulating layer and a second inorganic insulating layer sequentially stacked, but it is not limited thereto. The encapsulation film can be omitted.

A polarization plate for reducing an ambient light reflection can be disposed over the top-emission type OLED D. For example, the polarization plate can be a circular polarization plate.

In the OLED of FIG. 5 , the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 are a reflection electrode and a transparent (or semi-transparent) electrode, respectively, and the color filter layer 380 is disposed over the OLED D. Alternatively, when the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 are a transparent (or semi-transparent) electrode and a reflection electrode, respectively, the color filter layer 380 can be disposed between the OLED D and the first substrate 310.

A color conversion layer can be formed between the OLED D and the color filter layer 380. The color conversion layer can include a red color conversion layer, a green color conversion layer and a blue color conversion layer respectively corresponding to the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP. The white light from the OLED D is converted into the red light, the green light and the blue light by the red, green and blue color conversion layer, respectively. For example, the color conversion layer can include a quantum dot. Accordingly, the color purity of the organic light emitting display device 300 can be further improved.

The color conversion layer can be included instead of the color filter layer 380.

As described above, in the organic light emitting display device 300, the OLED D in the red, green and blue pixel regions RP, GP and BP emits the white light, and the white light from the organic light emitting diode D passes through the red color filter 382, the green color filter 384 and the blue color filter 386. As a result, the red light, the green light and the blue light are provided from the red pixel region RP, the green pixel region GP and the blue pixel region BP, respectively.

In FIG. 5 , the OLED D emitting the white light is used for a display device. Alternatively, the OLED D can be formed on an entire surface of a substrate without at least one of the driving element and the color filter layer to be used for a lightening device. The display device and the lightening device each including the OLED D of the present disclosure can be referred to as an organic light emitting device.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 6 , in the OLED D3, the organic emitting layer 362 includes a first emitting part 430 including a red EML 410, a second emitting part 440 including a first blue EML 450 and a third emitting part 460 including a third blue EML 470. In addition, the organic emitting layer 362 can further include a first CGL 480 between the first and second emitting parts 430 and 440 and a second CGL 490 between the first and third emitting part 430 and 460. In addition, the first emitting part 430 can further include a green EML 420.

The first electrode 360 is an anode, and the second electrode 364 is a cathode. One of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a transparent (semitransparent) electrode, and the other one of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a reflective electrode.

The second emitting part 440 is positioned between the first electrode 360 and the first emitting part 430, and the third emitting part 460 is positioned between the first emitting part 430 and the second electrode 364. In addition, the second emitting part 440 is positioned between the first electrode 360 and the first CGL 480, and the third emitting part 460 is positioned between the second CGL 490 and the second electrode 364. Namely, the second emitting part 440, the first CGL 480, the first emitting part 430, the second CGL 460 and the third emitting part 460 are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 360.

In the first emitting part 430, the green EML 420 is positioned on the red EML 410.

The first emitting part 430 can further include at least one of a first HTL 432 under the red EML 410 and a first ETL 434 over the red EML 410. When the first emitting part 430 includes the green EML 420, the first ETL 434 is positioned on the green EML 420.

The second emitting part 440 can further include at least one of a second HTL 444 under the first blue EML 450 and a second ETL 448 on the first blue EML 450. In addition, the second emitting part 440 can further include an HIL 442 between the first electrode 360 and the first HTL 444.

The second emitting part 440 can further include at least one of a first EBL between the second HTL 444 and the first blue EML 450 and a first HBL between the first blue EML 450 and the second ETL 448.

The third emitting part 460 can further include at least one of a third HTL 462 under the second blue EML 470 and a third ETL 466 on the second blue EML 470. In addition, the third emitting part 460 can further include an EIL 468 between the second electrode 364 and the third ETL 466.

The third emitting part 460 can further include at least one of a first EBL between the third HTL 462 and the second blue EML 470 and a first HBL between the second blue EML 470 and the third ETL 466.

For example, the HIL 442 can include at least one of MTDATA, NATA, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine 1T-NATA, 2T-NATA, CuPc, TCTA, NPB, HAT-CN, TDAPB, PEDOT/PSS and N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine.

Each of the first to third HTLs 432, 444 and 464 can include at least one of TPD, NPB, CBP, poly-TPD, TFB, TAPC, DCDPA, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)biphenyl-4-amine, and the compound in Formula 4.

Each of the first to third ETLs 434, 448 and 466 can include at least one of Alq3, PBD, spiro-PBD, Liq, TPBi, BAlq, Bphen, NBphen, BCP, TAZ, NTAZ, TpPyPB, TmPPPyTz, PFNBr, TPQ, and TSPO1.

The EIL 468 can include at least one of an alkali halide compound, such as LiF, CsF, NaF, or BaF₂, and an organo-metallic compound, such as Liq, lithium benzoate, or sodium stearate.

The first CGL 480 is positioned between the first and second emitting parts 430 and 440, and the second CGL 490 is positioned between the first and third emitting parts 430 and 460. Namely, the first and second emitting parts 430 and 440 is connected to each other by the first CGL 480, and the first and third emitting parts 430 and 460 is connected to each other by the second CGL 490. The first CGL 480 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 482 and a P-type CGL 484, and the second CGL 490 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 492 and a P-type CGL 494.

In the first CGL 480, the N-type CGL 482 is positioned between the first HTL 432 and the second ETL 448, and the P-type CGL 484 is positioned between the N-type CGL 482 and the first HTL 432.

In the second CGL 490, the N-type CGL 492 is positioned between the first ETL 434 and the third HTL 462, and the P-type CGL 494 is positioned between the N-type CGL 492 and the third HTL 462.

Each of the N-type CGL 482 of the first CGL 480 and the N-type CGL 492 of the second CGL 490 can be an organic layer doped with an alkali metal, e.g., Li, Na, K or Cs, and/or an alkali earth metal, e.g., Mg, Sr, Ba or Ra. For example, each of the N-type CGL 482 of the first CGL 480 and the N-type CGL 492 of the second CGL 490 can include an organic material, e.g., 4,7-dipheny-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) or MTDATA, as a host, and the alkali metal and/or the alkali earth metal as a dopant can be doped with a weight % of about 0.01 to 30.

Each of the P-type CGL 484 of the first CGL 480 and the P-type CGL 494 of the second CGL 490 can include at least one of an inorganic material, which is selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide (WOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), beryllium oxide (Be203), vanadium oxide (V2O5) and their combination, and an organic material, which is selected from the group consisting of NPD, HAT-CN, F4TCNQ, TPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetranaphthyl-benzidine (TNB), TCTA, N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) and their combination.

The red EML 410 includes a first compound 412 as a red dopant (e.g., a red emitter), a second compound 414 as a p-type host (e.g., a first host) and a third compound 416 as an n-type host (e.g., a second host). In the red EML 410, the first compound 412 is represented by Formula 1-1, the second compound 414 is represented by Formula 2-1, and the third compound 416 is represented by Formula 3-1.

In the red EML 410, each of the second and third compounds 414 and 416 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 412. For example, in the red EML 410, the first compound 412 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the red EML 410, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 414 and the third compound 416 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the red EML 410, the second and third compounds 414 and 416 can have the same weight %.

In the first emitting part 410, the green EML 420 includes a green host and a green dopant. The green dopant can be one of a phosphorescent compound, a fluorescent compound and a delayed fluorescent compound. For example, in the green EML 420, the host can be 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), and the green dopant can be fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium Ir(ppy)3 or tris(8-hydroxyquinolino)aluminum (Alq3).

The first blue EML 450 in the second emitting part 440 includes a first blue host and a first blue dopant, and the second blue EML 470 in the third emitting part 460 includes a second blue host and a second blue dopant.

For example, each of the first and second blue hosts can be independently selected from the group consisting of mCP, 9-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (mCP-CN), mCBP, CBP-CN, 9-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-3-(diphenylphosphoryl)-9H-carbazole (mCPPO1) 3,5-Di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl(Ph-mCP), TSPO1,9-(3′-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (CzBPCb), bis(2-methylphenyl)diphenylsilane (UGH-1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH-2), 1,3-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH-3), 9,9-spiorobifluoren-2-yl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide (SPPO1) and 9,9′-(5-(triphenylsilyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole) (SimCP).

For example, each of the first and second blue dopants can be independently selected from the group consisting of perylene, 4,4′-bis[4-(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]biphenyl(DPAVBi), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4-4′-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), 4,4′-bis[4-(diphenylamino)styryl]biphenyl(BDAVBi), 2,7-bis(4-diphenylamino)styryl)-9,9-spiorfluorene (spiro-DPVBi), [1,4-bis[2-[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]vinyl]benzene (DSB), 1-4-di-[4-(N,N-diphenyl)amino]styryl-benzene (DSA), 2,5,8,11-tetra-tetr-butylperylene (TBPe), bis(2-hydroxylphenyl)-pyridine)beryllium (Bepp2), 9-(9-Phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-10-(naphthalene-1-yl)anthracene (PCAN), mer-tris(1-phenyl-3-methylimidazolin-2-ylidene-C,C(2)′iridium(III) (mer-Ir(pmi)3), fac-Tris(1,3-diphenyl-benzimidazolin-2-ylidene-C,C(2)′iridium(III) (fac-Ir(dpbic)3), bis(3,4,5-trifluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridium(III) (Ir(tfpd)2pic), tris(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine))iridium(III) (Ir(Fppy)3) and bis[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-C2,N](picolinato)iridium(III) (FIrpic).

In an exemplary aspect, each of the first and second blue EMLs 450 and 470 can include an anthracene derivative as a blue host and a boron derivative as a blue dopant.

As illustrated above, the OLED D3 of the present disclosure includes the first emitting part 430 including the red EML 410 and the green EML 420, the second emitting part 440 including the first blue EML 450 and the third emitting part 460 including the second blue EML 470. As a result, the OLED D3 emits the white light.

In addition, the red EML 410 includes the first compound 412, which is represented by Formula 1-1, as a red dopant, the second compound 414, which is represented by Formula 2-1, as a first host or a p-type host, and the third compound 416, which is represented by Formula 3-1, as a second host or an n-type host. As a result, the OLED D3 has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 7 , in the OLED D4, the organic emitting layer 362 includes a first emitting part 530 including a red EML 510 and green EML 520 and a yellow-green EML 525, a second emitting part 540 including a first blue EML 550 and a third emitting part 560 including a third blue EML 570. In addition, the organic emitting layer 362 can further include a first CGL 580 between the first and second emitting parts 530 and 540 and a second CGL 590 between the first and third emitting part 530 and 560.

The first electrode 360 is an anode, and the second electrode 364 is a cathode. One of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a transparent (semitransparent) electrode, and the other one of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a reflective electrode.

The second emitting part 540 is positioned between the first electrode 360 and the first emitting part 530, and the third emitting part 560 is positioned between the first emitting part 530 and the second electrode 364. In addition, the second emitting part 540 is positioned between the first electrode 360 and the first CGL 580, and the third emitting part 560 is positioned between the second CGL 590 and the second electrode 364. Namely, the second emitting part 540, the first CGL 580, the first emitting part 530, the second CGL 560 and the third emitting part 560 are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 360.

In the first emitting part 530, the yellow-green EML 525 is positioned between the red EML 510 and the green EML 520. Namely, the red EML 510, the yellow-green EML 525 and the green EML 520 are sequentially stacked so that the first emitting part 530 includes an EML having a triple-layered structure.

The first emitting part 530 can further include at least one of a first HTL 532 under the red EML 510 and a first ETL 534 over the red EML 510.

The second emitting part 540 can further include at least one of a second HTL 544 under the first blue EML 550 and a second ETL 548 on the first blue EML 550. In addition, the second emitting part 540 can further include an HIL 542 between the first electrode 360 and the first HTL 544.

The second emitting part 540 can further include at least one of a first EBL between the second HTL 544 and the first blue EML 550 and a first HBL between the first blue EML 550 and the second ETL 548.

The third emitting part 560 can further include at least one of a third HTL 562 under the second blue EML 570 and a third ETL 566 on the second blue EML 570. In addition, the third emitting part 560 can further include an EIL 568 between the second electrode 364 and the third ETL 566.

The third emitting part 560 can further include at least one of a first EBL between the third HTL 562 and the second blue EML 570 and a first HBL between the second blue EML 570 and the third ETL 566.

For example, the HIL 542 can include at least one of MTDATA, NATA, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine 1T-NATA, 2T-NATA, CuPc, TCTA, NPB, HAT-CN, TDAPB, PEDOT/PSS and N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine.

Each of the first to third HTLs 532, 544 and 564 can include at least one of TPD, NPB, CBP, poly-TPD, TFB, TAPC, DCDPA, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)biphenyl-4-amine, and the compound in Formula 4.

Each of the first to third ETLs 534, 548 and 566 can include at least one of Alq3, PBD, spiro-PBD, Liq, TPBi, BAlq, Bphen, NBphen, BCP, TAZ, NTAZ, TpPyPB, TmPPPyTz, PFNBr, TPQ, and TSPO1.

The EIL 568 can include at least one of an alkali halide compound, such as LiF, CsF, NaF, or BaF₂, and an organo-metallic compound, such as Liq, lithium benzoate, or sodium stearate.

The first CGL 580 is positioned between the first and second emitting parts 530 and 540, and the second CGL 590 is positioned between the first and third emitting parts 530 and 560. Namely, the first and second emitting parts 530 and 540 is connected to each other by the first CGL 580, and the first and third emitting parts 530 and 560 is connected to each other by the second CGL 590. The first CGL 580 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 582 and a P-type CGL 584, and the second CGL 590 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 592 and a P-type CGL 594.

In the first CGL 580, the N-type CGL 582 is positioned between the first HTL 532 and the second ETL 548, and the P-type CGL 584 is positioned between the N-type CGL 582 and the first HTL 532.

In the second CGL 590, the N-type CGL 592 is positioned between the first ETL 534 and the third HTL 562, and the P-type CGL 594 is positioned between the N-type CGL 592 and the third HTL 562.

Each of the N-type CGL 582 of the first CGL 580 and the N-type CGL 592 of the second CGL 590 can be an organic layer doped with an alkali metal, e.g., Li, Na, K or Cs, and/or an alkali earth metal, e.g., Mg, Sr, Ba or Ra. For example, each of the N-type CGL 582 of the first CGL 580 and the N-type CGL 592 of the second CGL 590 can include an organic material, e.g., 4,7-dipheny-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) or MTDATA, as a host, and the alkali metal and/or the alkali earth metal as a dopant can be doped with a weight % of about 0.01 to 30.

Each of the P-type CGL 584 of the first CGL 580 and the P-type CGL 594 of the second CGL 590 can include at least one of an inorganic material, which is selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide (WOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), beryllium oxide (Be2O3), vanadium oxide (V2O5) and their combination, and an organic material, which is selected from the group consisting of NPD, HAT-CN, F4TCNQ, TPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetranaphthyl-benzidine (TNB), TCTA, N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C₈) and their combination.

The red EML 510 includes a first compound 512 as a red dopant (e.g., a red emitter), a second compound 514 as a p-type host (e.g., a first host) and a third compound 516 as an n-type host (e.g., a second host). In the red EML 510, the first compound 512 is represented by Formula 1-1, the second compound 514 is represented by Formula 2-1, and the third compound 516 is represented by Formula 3-1.

In the red EML 510, each of the second and third compounds 514 and 516 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 512. For example, in the red EML 510, the first compound 512 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the red EML 510, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 514 and the third compound 516 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the red EML 510, the second and third compounds 514 and 516 can have the same weight %.

In the first emitting part 510, the green EML 520 includes a green host and a green dopant. The green dopant can be one of a phosphorescent compound, a fluorescent compound and a delayed fluorescent compound. In addition, in the first emitting part 510, the yellow-green EML 525 includes a yellow-green host and a yellow-green dopant. The yellow-green dopant can be one of a phosphorescent compound, a fluorescent compound and a delayed fluorescent compound.

The first blue EML 550 in the second emitting part 540 includes a first blue host and a first blue dopant, and the second blue EML 570 in the third emitting part 560 includes a second blue host and a second blue dopant.

For example, each of the first and second blue hosts can be independently selected from the group consisting of mCP, mCP-CN, mCBP, CBP-CN, mCPPO1 Ph-mCP, TSPO1, CzBPCb, UGH-1, UGH-2, UGH-3, SPPO1 and SimCP.

For example, each of the first and second blue dopants can be independently selected from the group consisting of perylene, DPAVBi, DPAVB, BDAVBi, spiro-DPVBi, DSB, DSA, TBPe, Bepp2, PCAN, mer-Ir(pmi)3, fac-Ir(dpbic)3, Ir(tfpd)2pic, Ir(Fppy)3 and FIrpic.

In an exemplary aspect, each of the first and second blue EMLs 550 and 570 can include an anthracene derivative as a blue host and a boron derivative as a blue dopant.

As illustrated above, the OLED D4 of the present disclosure includes the first emitting part 530 including the red EML 510, the green EML 520 and the yellow-green EML 525, the second emitting part 540 including the first blue EML 550 and the third emitting part 560 including the second blue EML 570. As a result, the OLED D4 emits the white light.

In addition, the red EML 510 includes the first compound 512, which is represented by Formula 1-1, as a red dopant, the second compound 514, which is represented by Formula 2-1, as a first host or a p-type host, and the third compound 516, which is represented by Formula 3-1, as a second host or an n-type host. As a result, the OLED D4 has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an OLED according to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 8 , in the OLED D5, the organic emitting layer 362 includes a first emitting part 630 including a red EML 610 and a green EML 620 and a second emitting part 640 including a blue EML 650. In addition, the organic emitting layer 362 can further include a CGL 660 between the first and second emitting parts 630 and 640.

The first electrode 360 is an anode, and the second electrode 364 is a cathode. One of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a transparent (semitransparent) electrode, and the other one of the first and second electrodes 360 and 364 can be a reflective electrode.

The first emitting part 630 is positioned between the CGL 660 and the second electrode 364, and the second emitting part 640 is positioned between the CGL 660 and the first electrode 360. Alternatively, the first emitting part 630 can be positioned between the CGL 660 and the first electrode 360, and the second emitting part 640 can be positioned between the CGL 660 and the second electrode 364.

In the first emitting part 630, the green EML 620 is positioned on the red EML 610.

The first emitting part 630 can further include at least one of a first HTL 632 under the red EML 610 and a first ETL 634 over the red EML 610. When the first emitting part 630 includes the green EML 620, the first ETL 634 is positioned on the green EML 620. In addition, the first emitting part 630 can further include an EIL 636 between the first ETL 634 and the second electrode 364.

The second emitting part 640 can further include at least one of a second HTL 644 under the blue EML 650 and a second ETL 646 on the blue EML 650. In addition, the second emitting part 640 can further include an HIL 642 between the first electrode 360 and the first HTL 644.

For example, the HIL 642 can include at least one of MTDATA, NATA, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine 1T-NATA, 2T-NATA, CuPc, TCTA, NPB, HAT-CN, TDAPB, PEDOT/PSS and N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine.

Each of the first and second HTLs 632 and 644 can include at least one of TPD, NPB, CBP, poly-TPD, TFB, TAPC, DCDPA, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)biphenyl-4-amine, and the compound in Formula 4.

Each of the first and second ETLs 634 and 646 can include at least one of Alq3, PBD, spiro-PBD, Liq, TPBi, BAlq, Bphen, NBphen, BCP, TAZ, NTAZ, TpPyPB, TmPPPyTz, PFNBr, TPQ, and TSPO1.

The EIL 636 can include at least one of an alkali halide compound, such as LiF, CsF, NaF, or BaF₂, and an organo-metallic compound, such as Liq, lithium benzoate, or sodium stearate.

The CGL 660 is positioned between the first and second emitting parts 630 and 640. Namely, the first and second emitting parts 630 and 640 is connected to each other by the CGL 660.

The CGL 660 can be a P-N junction type CGL of an N-type CGL 662 and a P-type CGL 664.

In the CGL 660, the N-type CGL 662 is positioned between the first HTL 632 and the second ETL 646, and the P-type CGL 664 is positioned between the N-type CGL 662 and the first HTL 632.

The N-type CGL 662 can be an organic layer doped with an alkali metal, e.g., Li, Na, K or Cs, and/or an alkali earth metal, e.g., Mg, Sr, Ba or Ra. For example, the N-type CGL 662 can include an organic material, e.g., 4,7-dipheny-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) or MTDATA, as a host, and the alkali metal and/or the alkali earth metal as a dopant can be doped with a weight % of about 0.01 to 30.

The P-type CGL 664 can include at least one of an inorganic material, which is selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide (WOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), beryllium oxide (Be2O3), vanadium oxide (V2O5) and their combination, and an organic material, which is selected from the group consisting of NPD, HAT-CN, F4TCNQ, TPD, N,N,N′,N′-tetranaphthyl-benzidine (TNB), TCTA, N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) and their combination.

The red EML 610 includes a first compound 612 as a red dopant (e.g., a red emitter), a second compound 614 as a p-type host (e.g., a first host) and a third compound 616 as an n-type host (e.g., a second host). In the red EML 610, the first compound 612 is represented by Formula 1-1, the second compound 614 is represented by Formula 2-1, and the third compound 616 is represented by Formula 3-1.

In the red EML 610, each of the second and third compounds 614 and 616 can have a weight % being greater than the first compound 612. For example, in the red EML 610, the first compound 612 can have a weight % of 1 to 20, e.g., 5 to 15.

In addition, in the red EML 610, a ratio of the weight % between the second compound 614 and the third compound 616 can be 1:3 to 3:1. For example, in the red EML 610, the second and third compounds 614 and 616 can have the same weight %.

In the first emitting part 610, the green EML 620 includes a green host and a green dopant. The green dopant can be one of a phosphorescent compound, a fluorescent compound and a delayed fluorescent compound.

The blue EML 650 in the second emitting part 640 includes a blue host and a blue dopant.

For example, the blue host can be selected from the group consisting of mCP, mCP-CN, mCBP, CBP-CN, mCPPO1 Ph-mCP, TSPO1, CzBPCb, UGH-1, UGH-2, UGH-3, SPPO1 and SimCP,a and the blue dopant can be selected from the group consisting of perylene, DPAVBi, DPAVB, BDAVBi, spiro-DPVBi, DSB, DSA, TBPe, Bepp2, PCAN, mer-Ir(pmi)3, fac-Ir(dpbic)3, Ir(tfpd)2pic, Ir(Fppy)3 and FIrpic.

In an exemplary aspect, the blue EML 650 can include an anthracene derivative as a blue host and a boron derivative as a blue dopant.

As illustrated above, the OLED D5 of the present disclosure includes the first emitting part 630 including the red EML 610 and the green EML 620 and the second emitting part 640 including the blue EML 650. As a result, the OLED D5 emits the white light.

In addition, the red EML 610 includes the first compound 612, which is represented by Formula 1-1, as a red dopant, the second compound 614, which is represented by Formula 2-1, as a first host or a p-type host, and the third compound 616, which is represented by Formula 3-1, as a second host or an n-type host. As a result, the OLED D5 has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

[OLED]

The anode (ITO), the HIL (HATCN (the compound in Formula 5), 100 Å), the HTL (the compound in Formula 4, 700 Å), the EML (host and dopant (10 wt %), 300 Å), the ETL (Alq3, 300 Å), the EIL (LiF, 10 Å) and the cathode (A1, 1000 Å) was sequentially deposited. An encapsulation film is formed by using an UV curable epoxy and a moisture getter to form the OLED.

1. Comparative Example 1 (Ref1)

The compound RD1 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

2. Examples (1) Examples 1 to 4 (Ex1 to Ex4)

The compound RD1 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 5 to 8 (Ex5 to Ex8)

The compound RD1 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 9 to 12 (Ex9 to Ex12)

The compound RD1 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 13 to 16 (Ex13 to Ex16)

The compound RD1 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 16 are measured and listed in Table 1. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 1 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref1 RD1 CBP 4.28 100 100 Ex1 RD1 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 121 118 Ex2 RD1 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 125 130 Ex3 RD1 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 119 122 Ex4 RD1 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 116 117 Ex5 RD1 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 124 123 Ex6 RD1 RHH-13 REH-9 4.11 128 136 Ex7 RD1 RHH-13 REH-22 4.13 122 129 Ex8 RD1 RHH-13 REH-27 4.16 117 123 Ex9 RD1 RHH-23 REH-3 4.16 127 128 Ex10 RD1 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 134 145 Ex11 RD1 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 124 132 Ex12 RD1 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 120 122 Ex13 RD1 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 119 124 Ex14 RD1 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 123 135 Ex15 RD1 RHH-30 REH-22 4.21 116 129 Ex16 RD1 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 114 121

As shown in Table 1, in comparison to the OLED of Ref1, in which the red EML includes the compound RD1 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex1 to Ex16, in which the red EML includes the compound RD1 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 5 to 12, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD1 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 9 to 11 and 13 to 15, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD1 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 15, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD1 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

3. Comparative Example 2 (Ref2)

The compound RD2 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

4. Examples (1) Examples 17 to 20 (Ex17 to Ex20)

The compound RD2 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 21 to 24 (Ex21 to Ex24)

The compound RD2 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 25 to 28 (Ex25 to Ex28)

The compound RD2 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 29 to 32 (Ex29 to Ex32)

The compound RD2 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 2 and Examples 17 to 32 are measured and listed in Table 2. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 2 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref2 RD2 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex17 RD2 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 116 116 Ex18 RD2 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 123 129 Ex19 RD2 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 116 120 Ex20 RD2 RHH-7 REH-27 4.24 111 114 Ex21 RD2 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 121 122 Ex22 RD2 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 124 134 Ex23 RD2 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 118 127 Ex24 RD2 RHH-13 REH-27 4.21 115 120 Ex25 RD2 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 126 127 Ex26 RD2 RHH-23 REH-9 4.15 132 137 Ex27 RD2 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 121 130 Ex28 RD2 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 115 123 Ex29 RD2 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 116 120 Ex30 RD2 RHH-30 REH-9 4.19 119 124 Ex31 RD2 RHH-30 REH-22 4.23 113 118 Ex32 RD2 RHH-30 REH-27 4.24 109 116

As shown in Table 2, in comparison to the OLED of Ref2, in which the red EML includes the compound RD2 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex17 to Ex32, in which the red EML includes the compound RD2 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 21 to 28, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD2 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 17 to 19, 21 to 23, 25 to 27 and 29 to 31, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD2 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30 and 31, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD2 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

5. Comparative Example 3 (Ref3)

The compound RD3 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

6. Examples (1) Examples 33 to 36 (Ex33 to Ex36)

The compound RD3 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 37 to 40 (Ex37 to Ex40)

The compound RD3 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 41 to 44 (Ex41 to Ex44)

The compound RD3 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 45 to 48 (Ex45 to Ex48)

The compound RD3 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 3 and Examples 33 to 48 are measured and listed in Table 3. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 3 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref3 RD3 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex33 RD3 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 117 115 Ex34 RD3 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 122 128 Ex35 RD3 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 116 120 Ex36 RD3 RHH-7 REH-27 4.22 110 115 Ex37 RD3 RHH-13 REH-3 4.16 123 120 Ex38 RD3 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 125 133 Ex39 RD3 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 117 127 Ex40 RD3 RHH-13 REH-27 4.22 113 123 Ex41 RD3 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 125 124 Ex42 RD3 RHH-23 REH-9 4.14 133 140 Ex43 RD3 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 120 131 Ex44 RD3 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 118 125 Ex45 RD3 RHH-30 REH-3 4.21 119 125 Ex46 RD3 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 121 130 Ex47 RD3 RHH-30 REH-22 4.24 116 123 Ex48 RD3 RHH-30 REH-27 4.24 113 118

As shown in Table 3, in comparison to the OLED of Ref3, in which the red EML includes the compound RD3 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex33 to Ex48, in which the red EML includes the compound RD3 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 37 to 44, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD3 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 33 to 35, 37 to 39, 41 to 43 and 45 to 47, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD3 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46 and 47, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD3 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

7. Comparative Example 4 (Ref4)

The compound RD4 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

8. Examples (1) Examples 49 to 52 (Ex49 to Ex52)

The compound RD4 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 53 to 56 (Ex53 to Ex56)

The compound RD4 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 57 to 60 (Ex57 to Ex60)

The compound RD4 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 and REH-28 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 61 to 64 (Ex61 to Ex64)

The compound RD4 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 4 and Examples 49 to 64 are measured and listed in Table 4. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 9500 of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 4 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref4 RD4 CBP 4.31 100 100 Ex49 RD4 RHH-7 REH-3 4.20 117 118 Ex50 RD4 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 122 131 Ex51 RD4 RHH-7 REH-22 4.19 116 122 Ex52 RD4 RHH-7 REH-27 4.21 111 115 Ex53 RD4 RHH-13 REH-3 4.18 122 123 Ex54 RD4 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 124 136 Ex55 RD4 RHH-13 REH-22 4.19 116 129 Ex56 RD4 RHH-13 REH-27 4.22 111 123 Ex57 RD4 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 125 126 Ex58 RD4 RHH-23 REH-9 4.15 132 136 Ex59 RD4 RHH-23 REH-22 4.18 123 130 Ex60 RD4 RHH-23 REH-27 4.20 119 122 Ex61 RD4 RHH-30 REH-3 4.21 118 124 Ex62 RD4 RHH-30 REH-9 4.19 121 131 Ex63 RD4 RHH-30 REH-22 4.23 115 124 Ex64 RD4 RHH-30 REH-27 4.24 113 119

As shown in Table 4, in comparison to the OLED of Ref4, in which the red EML includes the compound RD4 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex49 to Ex64, in which the red EML includes the compound RD4 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RH-H-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 53 to 60, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD4 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 49 to 51, 53 to 55, 57 to 59 and 61 to 63, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD4 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62 and 63, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD4 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

9. Comparative Example 5 (Ref5)

The compound RD5 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

10. Examples (1) Examples 65 and 68 (Ex65 and Ex68)

The compound RD5 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 69 and 72 (Ex69 and Ex72)

The compound RD5 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 73 and 76 (Ex73 and Ex76)

The compound RD5 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 77 and 80 (Ex77 and Ex80)

The compound RD5 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 5 and Examples 65 to 80 are measured and listed in Table 5. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 5 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref5 RD5 CBP 4.28 100 100 Ex65 RD5 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 120 117 Ex66 RD5 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 124 128 Ex67 RD5 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 117 121 Ex68 RD5 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 114 116 Ex69 RD5 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 122 122 Ex70 RD5 RHH-13 REH-9 4.11 127 135 Ex71 RD5 RHH-13 REH-22 4.13 121 128 Ex72 RD5 RHH-13 REH-27 4.16 116 122 Ex73 RD5 RHH-23 REH-3 4.16 126 127 Ex74 RD5 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 132 143 Ex75 RD5 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 124 131 Ex76 RD5 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 119 121 Ex77 RD5 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 116 123 Ex78 RD5 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 121 133 Ex79 RD5 RHH-30 REH-22 4.21 115 127 Ex80 RD5 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 111 117

As shown in Table 5, in comparison to the OLED of Ref5, in which the red EML includes the compound RD5 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex65 to Ex80, in which the red EML includes the compound RD5 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 69 to 76, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD5 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 65 to 67, 69 to 71, 73 to 75 and 77 to 79, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD5 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 66, 67, 70, 71, 74, 75, 78 and 79, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD5 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

11. Comparative Example 6 (Ref6)

The compound RD6 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

12. Examples (1) Examples 81 and 84 (Ex81 and Ex84)

The compound RD6 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 85 and 88 (Ex85 and Ex88)

The compound RD6 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 89 and 92 (Ex89 and Ex92)

The compound RD6 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 93 and 96 (Ex93 and Ex96)

R The compound RD6 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 6 and Examples 81 to 96 are measured and listed in Table 6. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 9500 of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 6 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref6 RD6 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex81 RD6 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 115 115 Ex82 RD6 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 122 126 Ex83 RD6 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 116 118 Ex84 RD6 RHH-7 REH-27 4.23 109 112 Ex85 RD6 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 118 120 Ex86 RD6 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 122 131 Ex87 RD6 RHH-13 REH-22 4.19 116 125 Ex88 RD6 RHH-13 REH-27 4.21 112 118 Ex89 RD6 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 124 123 Ex90 RD6 RHH-23 REH-9 4.14 130 133 Ex91 RD6 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 118 124 Ex92 RD6 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 112 120 Ex93 RD6 RHH-30 REH-3 4.19 113 117 Ex94 RD6 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 117 120 Ex95 RD6 RHH-30 REH-22 4.22 110 115 Ex96 RD6 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 107 112

As shown in Table 6, in comparison to the OLED of Ref6, in which the red EML includes the compound RD6 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex81 to Ex96, in which the red EML includes the compound RD6 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 85 to 92, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD6 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 81 to 83, 85 to 87, 89 to 91 and 93 to 95, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD6 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 82, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 94 and 95, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD6 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

13. Comparative Example 7 (Ref7)

The compound RD7 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

14. Examples (1) Examples 97 and 100 (Ex97 and Ex100)

The compound RD7 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 101 and 104 (Ex101 and Ex104)

The compound RD7 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 105 and 108 (Ex105 and Ex108)

The compound RD7 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 109 and 112 (Ex109 and Ex112)

The compound RD7 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 7 and Examples 97 to 112 are measured and listed in Table 7. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 7 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref7 RD7 CBP 4.31 100 100 Ex97 RD7 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 115 114 Ex98 RD7 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 120 127 Ex99 RD7 RHH-7 REH-22 4.19 115 119 Ex100 RD7 RHH-7 REH-27 4.23 111 113 Ex101 RD7 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 121 121 Ex102 RD7 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 124 131 Ex103 RD7 RHH-13 REH-22 4.19 116 125 Ex104 RD7 RHH-13 REH-27 4.22 111 121 Ex105 RD7 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 123 122 Ex106 RD7 RHH-23 REH-9 4.16 130 134 Ex107 RD7 RHH-23 REH-22 4.18 121 129 Ex108 RD7 RHH-23 REH-27 4.20 117 124 Ex109 RD7 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 117 121 Ex110 RD7 RHH-30 REH-9 4.19 122 127 Ex111 RD7 RHH-30 REH-22 4.23 117 120 Ex112 RD7 RHH-30 REH-27 4.25 112 116

As shown in Table 7, in comparison to the OLED of Ref7, in which the red EML includes the compound RD7 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex97 to Ex112, in which the red EML includes the compound RD7 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 101 to 108, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD7 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 97 to 99, 101 to 103, 105 to 107 and 109 to 111, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD7 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 98, 99, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110 and 111, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD7 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

15. Comparative Example 8 (Ref8)

The compound RD8 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

16. Examples (1) Examples 113 and 116 (Ex113 and Ex116)

The compound RD8 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 117 and 120 (Ex117 and Ex120)

The compound RD8 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 121 and 124 (Ex121 and Ex124)

The compound RD8 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 125 and 128 (Ex125 and Ex128)

The compound RD8 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 8 and Examples 113 to 128 are measured and listed in Table 8. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 8 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref8 RD8 CBP 4.32 100 100 Ex113 RD8 RHH-7 REH-3 4.20 115 116 Ex114 RD8 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 120 129 Ex115 RD8 RHH-7 REH-22 4.19 116 124 Ex116 RD8 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 108 116 Ex117 RD8 RHH-13 REH-3 4.18 118 122 Ex118 RD8 RHH-13 REH-9 4.16 123 134 Ex119 RD8 RHH-13 REH-22 4.19 115 127 Ex120 RD8 RHH-13 REH-27 4.21 110 121 Ex121 RD8 RHH-23 REH-3 4.19 124 124 Ex122 RD8 RHH-23 REH-9 4.16 130 133 Ex123 RD8 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 123 129 Ex124 RD8 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 117 121 Ex125 RD8 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 115 125 Ex126 RD8 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 120 130 Ex127 RD8 RHH-30 REH-22 4.22 114 123 Ex128 RD8 RHH-30 REH-27 4.21 112 120

As shown in Table 8, in comparison to the OLED of Ref8, in which the red EML includes the compound RD8 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex113 to Ex128, in which the red EML includes the compound RD8 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 117 to 124, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD8 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 113 to 115, 117 to 119, 121 to 123 and 125 to 127, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD8 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 114, 115, 118, 119, 122, 123, 126 and 127, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD8 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

17. Comparative Example 9 (Ref9)

The compound RD9 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

18. Examples (1) Examples 129 and 131 (Ex129 and Ex131)

The compound RD9 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 132 and 134 (Ex132 and Ex134)

The compound RD9 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 135 and 137 (Ex135 and Ex137)

The compound RD9 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 9 and Examples 129 to 237 are measured and listed in Table 9. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 9 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref9 RD9 CBP 4.29 100 100 Ex129 RD9 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 118 115 Ex130 RD9 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 124 123 Ex131 RD9 RHH-7 REH-22 4.19 117 112 Ex132 RD9 RHH-13 REH-3 4.22 122 116 Ex133 RD9 RHH-13 REH-9 4.18 126 126 Ex134 RD9 RHH-13 REH-22 4.23 118 121 Ex135 RD9 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 125 118 Ex136 RD9 RHH-23 REH-9 4.15 134 134 Ex137 RD9 RHH-23 REH-22 4.18 122 120

As shown in Table 9, in comparison to the OLED of Ref9, in which the red EML includes the compound RD9 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex129 to Ex137, in which the red EML includes the compound RD9 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 132 to 137, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD9 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 130, 133 and 136, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD9 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

19. Comparative Example 10 (Ref10)

The compound RD10 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

20. Examples (1) Examples 138 and 140 (Ex138 and Ex140)

The compound RD10 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 141 and 143 (Ex141 and Ex143)

The compound RD10 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 144 and 146 (Ex144 and Ex146)

The compound RD10 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 10 and Examples 138 to 146 are measured and listed in Table 10. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 10 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref10 RD10 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex138 RD10 RHH-7 REH-3 4.20 117 117 Ex139 RD10 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 123 122 Ex140 RD10 RHH-7 REH-22 4.20 116 113 Ex141 RD10 RHH-13 REH-3 4.21 120 115 Ex142 RD10 RHH-13 REH-9 4.17 124 124 Ex143 RD10 RHH-13 REH-22 4.22 116 120 Ex144 RD10 RHH-23 REH-3 4.19 123 117 Ex145 RD10 RHH-23 REH-9 4.16 132 131 Ex146 RD10 RHH-23 REH-22 4.20 123 122

As shown in Table 10, in comparison to the OLED of Ref10, in which the red EML includes the compound RD10 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex138 to Ex146, in which the red EML includes the compound RD10 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 141 to 146, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD10 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 139, 145 and 145, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD10 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

21. Comparative Example 11 (Ref11)

The compound RD11 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

22. Examples (1) Examples 147 and 149 (Ex147 and Ex149)

The compound RD11 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 150 and 152 (Ex150 and Ex152)

The compound RD11 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 153 and 155 (Ex153 and Ex155)

The compound RD11 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 11 and Examples 147 to 155 are measured and listed in Table 11. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 11 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref11 RD11 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex147 RD11 RHH-7 REH-3 4.20 116 118 Ex148 RD11 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 122 123 Ex149 RD11 RHH-7 REH-22 4.19 116 113 Ex150 RD11 RHH-13 REH-3 4.20 119 117 Ex151 RD11 RHH-13 REH-9 4.17 123 125 Ex152 RD11 RHH-13 REH-22 4.21 116 120 Ex153 RD11 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 122 118 Ex154 RD11 RHH-23 REH-9 4.16 130 130 Ex155 RD11 RHH-23 REH-22 4.20 124 121

As shown in Table 11, in comparison to the OLED of Ref11, in which the red EML includes the compound RD11 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex147 to Ex155, in which the red EML includes the compound RD11 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 150 to 155, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD11 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 148, 151 and 154, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD11 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

23. Comparative Example 12 (Ref12)

The compound RD12 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

24. Examples (1) Examples 156 and 158 (Ex156 and Ex158)

The compound RD12 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 159 and 161 (Ex159 and Ex161)

The compound RD12 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 162 and 164 (Ex162 and Ex164)

The compound RD12 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 12 and Examples 156 to 164 are measured and listed in Table 12. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 12 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref12 RD12 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex156 RD12 RHH-7 REH-3 4.20 117 117 Ex157 RD12 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 123 122 Ex158 RD12 RHH-7 REH-22 4.20 116 113 Ex159 RD12 RHH-13 REH-3 4.21 120 115 Ex160 RD12 RHH-13 REH-9 4.18 124 124 Ex161 RD12 RHH-13 REH-22 4.22 116 120 Ex162 RD12 RHH-23 REH-3 4.19 123 117 Ex163 RD12 RHH-23 REH-9 4.16 132 131 Ex164 RD12 RHH-23 REH-22 4.20 123 122

As shown in Table 12, in comparison to the OLED of Ref12, in which the red EML includes the compound RD12 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex156 to Ex164, in which the red EML includes the compound RD12 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 159 to 164, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD12 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 157, 160 and 163, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD12 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

25. Comparative Example 13 (Ref13)

The compound RD13 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

26. Examples (1) Examples 165 and 167 (Ex165 and Ex167)

The compound RD13 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 168 and 170 (Ex168 and Ex170)

The compound RD13 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 171 and 173 (Ex171 and Ex173)

The compound RD13 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 13 and Examples 165 to 173 are measured and listed in Table 13. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 13 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref13 RD13 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex165 RD13 RHH-7 REH-3 4.23 116 118 Ex166 RD13 RHH-7 REH-9 4.21 123 125 Ex167 RD13 RHH-7 REH-22 4.22 116 118 Ex168 RD13 RHH-13 REH-3 4.24 120 119 Ex169 RD13 RHH-13 REH-9 4.20 125 129 Ex170 RD13 RHH-13 REH-22 4.24 117 123 Ex171 RD13 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 123 119 Ex172 RD13 RHH-23 REH-9 4.17 128 136 Ex173 RD13 RHH-23 REH-22 4.21 121 121

As shown in Table 13, in comparison to the OLED of Ref13, in which the red EML includes the compound RD13 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex165 to Ex173, in which the red EML includes the compound RD13 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 168 to 173, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD13 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 166, 169 and 172, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD13 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

27. Comparative Example 14 (Ref14)

The compound RD14 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

28. Examples (1) Examples 174 and 176 (Ex174 and Ex176)

The compound RD14 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 177 and 179 (Ex177 and Ex179)

The compound RD14 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 180 and 182 (Ex180 and Ex182)

The compound RD14 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 14 and Examples 174 to 182 are measured and listed in Table 14. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 14 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref14 RD14 CBP 4.31 100 100 Ex174 RD14 RHH-7 REH-3 4.23 116 116 Ex175 RD14 RHH-7 REH-9 4.21 123 122 Ex176 RD14 RHH-7 REH-22 4.22 115 116 Ex177 RD14 RHH-13 REH-3 4.23 121 116 Ex178 RD14 RHH-13 REH-9 4.22 123 124 Ex179 RD14 RHH-13 REH-22 4.26 116 122 Ex180 RD14 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 120 117 Ex181 RD14 RHH-23 REH-9 4.18 125 130 Ex182 RD14 RHH-23 REH-22 4.21 119 118

As shown in Table 14, in comparison to the OLED of Ref14, in which the red EML includes the compound RD14 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex174 to Ex182, in which the red EML includes the compound RD14 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 177 to 182, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD14 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 175, 178 and 181, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD14 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

29. Comparative Example 15 (Ref15)

The compound RD15 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

30. Examples (1) Examples 183 and 185 (Ex183 and Ex185)

The compound RD15 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 186 and 188 (Ex186 and Ex188)

The compound RD15 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 189 and 191 (Ex189 and Ex191)

The compound RD15 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 15 and Examples 183 to 191 are measured and listed in Table 15. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 15 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref15 RD15 CBP 4.31 100 100 Ex183 RD15 RHH-7 REH-3 4.22 115 116 Ex184 RD15 RHH-7 REH-9 4.20 123 120 Ex185 RD15 RHH-7 REH-22 4.22 117 116 Ex186 RD15 RHH-13 REH-3 4.22 121 115 Ex187 RD15 RHH-13 REH-9 4.17 122 126 Ex188 RD15 RHH-13 REH-22 4.25 116 121 Ex189 RD15 RHH-23 REH-3 4.21 121 118 Ex190 RD15 RHH-23 REH-9 4.18 125 132 Ex191 RD15 RHH-23 REH-22 4.20 120 119

As shown in Table 15, in comparison to the OLED of Ref15, in which the red EML includes the compound RD15 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex183 to Ex191, in which the red EML includes the compound RD15 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 186 to 191, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD15 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 184, 187 and 190, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD15 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

31. Comparative Example 16 (Ref16)

The compound RD16 in Formula 8 and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 are used as the dopant and host, respectively, to form the EML.

32. Examples (1) Examples 192 and 194 (Ex192 and Ex194)

The compound RD16 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 195 and 197 (Ex195 and Ex197)

The compound RD16 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-3 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 198 and 200 (Ex198 and Ex200)

The compound RD16 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 16 and Examples 192 to 200 are measured and listed in Table 16. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 16 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref16 RD16 CBP 4.31 100 100 Ex192 RD16 RHH-7 REH-3 4.23 115 117 Ex193 RD16 RHH-7 REH-9 4.22 123 123 Ex194 RD16 RHH-7 REH-22 4.21 117 115 Ex195 RD16 RHH-13 REH-3 4.21 121 116 Ex196 RD16 RHH-13 REH-9 4.20 122 126 Ex197 RD16 RHH-13 REH-22 4.24 116 122 Ex198 RD16 RHH-23 REH-3 4.20 121 117 Ex199 RD16 RHH-23 REH-9 4.17 125 128 Ex200 RD16 RHH-23 REH-22 4.21 120 117

As shown in Table 16, in comparison to the OLED of Ref16, in which the red EML includes the compound RD16 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex192 to Ex200, in which the red EML includes the compound RD16 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 195 to 200, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9 and REH-22 as the second host and the compound RD16 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 193, 196 and 199, when the compound REH-9 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13 and RHH-23 as the first host and the compound RD16 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

33. Comparative Example 17 (Ref17)

The compound RD17 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

34. Examples (1) Examples 201 and 204 (Ex201 and Ex204)

The compound RD17 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 205 and 208 (Ex205 and Ex208)

The compound RD17 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 209 and 212 (Ex209 and Ex212)

The compound RD17 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 213 and 216 (Ex213 and Ex216)

The compound RD17 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 17 and Examples 201 to 216 are measured and listed in Table 17. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 17 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref17 RD17 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex201 RD17 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 120 120 Ex202 RD17 RHH-7 REH-9 4.15 125 132 Ex203 RD17 RHH-7 REH-22 4.16 119 124 Ex204 RD17 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 114 119 Ex205 RD17 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 125 125 Ex206 RD17 RHH-13 REH-9 4.10 128 138 Ex207 RD17 RHH-13 REH-22 4.13 121 130 Ex208 RD17 RHH-13 REH-27 4.15 116 122 Ex209 RD17 RHH-23 REH-3 4.15 127 130 Ex210 RD17 RHH-23 REH-9 4.12 135 148 Ex211 RD17 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 123 134 Ex212 RD17 RHH-23 REH-27 4.17 120 124 Ex213 RD17 RHH-30 REH-3 4.19 120 126 Ex214 RD17 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 122 137 Ex215 RD17 RHH-30 REH-22 4.21 117 131 Ex216 RD17 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 113 120

As shown in Table 17, in comparison to the OLED of Ref17, in which the red EML includes the compound RD17 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex201 to Ex216, in which the red EML includes the compound RD17 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 205 to 212, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD17 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 201 to 203, 205 to 207, 209 to 211 and 213 to 215, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD17 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 211, 214 and 215, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD17 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

35. Comparative Example 18 (Ref18)

The compound RD18 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

36. Examples (1) Examples 217 and 220 (Ex217 and Ex220)

The compound RD18 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 221 and 224 (Ex221 and Ex224)

The compound RD18 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 225 and 228 (Ex225 and Ex228)

The compound RD18 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 229 and 232 (Ex229 and Ex232)

The compound RD18 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 18 and Examples 217 to 232 are measured and listed in Table 18. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 18 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref18 RD18 CBP 4.25 100 100 Ex217 RD18 RHH-7 REH-3 4.15 119 115 Ex218 RD18 RHH-7 REH-9 4.13 124 124 Ex219 RD18 RHH-7 REH-22 4.16 119 120 Ex220 RD18 RHH-7 REH-27 4.18 114 113 Ex221 RD18 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 124 120 Ex222 RD18 RHH-13 REH-9 4.11 129 131 Ex223 RD18 RHH-13 REH-22 4.12 121 124 Ex224 RD18 RHH-13 REH-27 4.14 118 116 Ex225 RD18 RHH-23 REH-3 4.14 127 123 Ex226 RD18 RHH-23 REH-9 4.10 137 133 Ex227 RD18 RHH-23 REH-22 4.14 129 125 Ex228 RD18 RHH-23 REH-27 4.16 120 115 Ex229 RD18 RHH-30 REH-3 4.17 121 120 Ex230 RD18 RHH-30 REH-9 4.15 123 127 Ex231 RD18 RHH-30 REH-22 4.18 118 121 Ex232 RD18 RHH-30 REH-27 4.20 115 120

As shown in Table 18, in comparison to the OLED of Ref18, in which the red EML includes the compound RD18 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex217 to Ex232, in which the red EML includes the compound RD18 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 221 to 228, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD18 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 217 to 219, 221 to 223, 225 to 227 and 229 to 231, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD18 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 218, 219, 222, 223, 226, 227, 230 and 231, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD18 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

37. Comparative Example 19 (Ref19)

The compound RD19 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

38. Examples (1) Examples 233 and 236 (Ex233 and Ex236)

The compound RD19 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 237 and 240 (Ex237 and Ex240)

The compound RD19 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 241 and 244 (Ex241 and Ex244)

The compound RD19 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 245 and 248 (Ex245 and Ex248)

The compound RD19 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 19 and Examples 233 to 248 are measured and listed in Table 19. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 19 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref19 RD19 CBP 4.26 100 100 Ex233 RD19 RHH-7 REH-3 4.16 118 116 Ex234 RD19 RHH-7 REH-9 4.14 123 123 Ex235 RD19 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 119 120 Ex236 RD19 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 113 114 Ex237 RD19 RHH-13 REH-3 4.15 123 120 Ex238 RD19 RHH-13 REH-9 4.12 126 132 Ex239 RD19 RHH-13 REH-22 4.14 121 124 Ex240 RD19 RHH-13 REH-27 4.16 117 117 Ex241 RD19 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 125 123 Ex242 RD19 RHH-23 REH-9 4.11 134 132 Ex243 RD19 RHH-23 REH-22 4.14 126 124 Ex244 RD19 RHH-23 REH-27 4.17 121 115 Ex245 RD19 RHH-30 REH-3 4.17 120 121 Ex246 RD19 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 121 128 Ex247 RD19 RHH-30 REH-22 4.19 118 120 Ex248 RD19 RHH-30 REH-27 4.21 116 118

As shown in Table 19, in comparison to the OLED of Ref19, in which the red EML includes the compound RD19 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex233 to Ex248, in which the red EML includes the compound RD19 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 237 to 244, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD19 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 233 to 235, 237 to 239, 241 to 243 and 245 to 247, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD19 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 234, 235, 238, 239, 242, 243, 246 and 247, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD19 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

39. Comparative Example 20 (Ref20)

The compound RD20 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

40. Examples (1) Examples 249 and 252 (Ex249 and Ex252)

The compound RD20 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 253 and 256 (Ex253 and Ex256)

The compound RD20 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 257 and 260 (Ex257 and Ex260)

The compound RD20 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 261 and 264 (Ex261 and Ex264)

The compound RD20 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 20 and Examples 249 to 264 are measured and listed in Table 20. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 20 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref20 RD20 CBP 4.26 100 100 Ex249 RD20 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 117 115 Ex250 RD20 RHH-7 REH-9 4.14 122 124 Ex251 RD20 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 119 121 Ex252 RD20 RHH-7 REH-27 4.19 115 115 Ex253 RD20 RHH-13 REH-3 4.16 123 119 Ex254 RD20 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 126 130 Ex255 RD20 RHH-13 REH-22 4.15 121 121 Ex256 RD20 RHH-13 REH-27 4.16 117 116 Ex257 RD20 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 125 121 Ex258 RD20 RHH-23 REH-9 4.12 133 131 Ex259 RD20 RHH-23 REH-22 4.14 125 123 Ex260 RD20 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 121 116 Ex261 RD20 RHH-30 REH-3 4.18 118 120 Ex262 RD20 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 120 127 Ex263 RD20 RHH-30 REH-22 4.19 117 120 Ex264 RD20 RHH-30 REH-27 4.20 115 119

As shown in Table 20, in comparison to the OLED of Ref20, in which the red EML includes the compound RD20 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex249 to Ex264, in which the red EML includes the compound RD20 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 253 to 260, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD20 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 249 to 251, 253 to 255, 257 to 259 and 261 to 263, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD20 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 250, 251, 254, 255, 258, 259, 262 and 263, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD20 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

41. Comparative Example 21 (Ref21)

The compound RD21 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

42. Examples (1) Examples 265 and 268 (Ex265 and Ex268)

The compound RD21 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 269 and 272 (Ex269 and Ex272)

The compound RD21 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 273 and 276 (Ex273 and Ex276)

The compound RD21 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 277 and 280 (Ex277 and Ex280)

The compound RD21 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 21 and Examples 265 to 280 are measured and listed in Table 21. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 21 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref21 RD21 CBP 4.29 100 100 Ex265 RD21 RHH-7 REH-3 4.18 118 118 Ex266 RD21 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 124 131 Ex267 RD21 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 117 122 Ex268 RD21 RHH-7 REH-27 4.22 112 115 Ex269 RD21 RHH-13 REH-3 4.16 122 123 Ex270 RD21 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 126 135 Ex271 RD21 RHH-13 REH-22 4.17 118 128 Ex272 RD21 RHH-13 REH-27 4.19 114 122 Ex273 RD21 RHH-23 REH-3 4.19 125 129 Ex274 RD21 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 134 144 Ex275 RD21 RHH-23 REH-22 4.16 122 132 Ex276 RD21 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 117 122 Ex277 RD21 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 119 125 Ex278 RD21 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 121 134 Ex279 RD21 RHH-30 REH-22 4.22 115 126 Ex280 RD21 RHH-30 REH-27 4.24 111 121

As shown in Table 21, in comparison to the OLED of Ref21, in which the red EML includes the compound RD21 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex265 to Ex280, in which the red EML includes the compound RD21 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 269 to 276, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD21 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 265 to 267, 269 to 271, 273 to 275 and 277 to 279, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD21 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 266, 267, 270, 271, 274, 275, 278 and 279, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD21 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

43. Comparative Example 22 (Ref20)

The compound RD22 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

44. Examples (1) Examples 281 and 284 (Ex281 and Ex284)

The compound RD22 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 285 and 288 (Ex285 and Ex288)

The compound RD22 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 289 and 292 (Ex289 and Ex292)

The compound RD22 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 293 and 296 (Ex293 and Ex296)

The compound RD22 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 22 and Examples 281 to 296 are measured and listed in Table 22. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 22 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref22 RD22 CBP 4.26 100 100 Ex281 RD22 RHH-7 REH-3 4.16 118 113 Ex282 RD22 RHH-7 REH-9 4.13 123 122 Ex283 RD22 RHH-7 REH-22 4.16 118 114 Ex284 RD22 RHH-7 REH-27 4.17 113 109 Ex285 RD22 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 121 116 Ex286 RD22 RHH-13 REH-9 4.11 124 125 Ex287 RD22 RHH-13 REH-22 4.14 119 120 Ex288 RD22 RHH-13 REH-27 4.17 114 113 Ex289 RD22 RHH-23 REH-3 4.15 127 117 Ex290 RD22 RHH-23 REH-9 4.10 133 128 Ex291 RD22 RHH-23 REH-22 4.12 120 120 Ex292 RD22 RHH-23 REH-27 4.15 117 115 Ex293 RD22 RHH-30 REH-3 4.16 115 113 Ex294 RD22 RHH-30 REH-9 4.15 119 119 Ex295 RD22 RHH-30 REH-22 4.18 114 114 Ex296 RD22 RHH-30 REH-27 4.17 112 110

As shown in Table 22, in comparison to the OLED of Ref22, in which the red EML includes the compound RD22 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex281 to Ex296, in which the red EML includes the compound RD22 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 285 to 292, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-2′7 as the second host and the compound RD22 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 281 to 283, 285 to 287, 289 to 291 and 293 to 295, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD22 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 282, 283, 286, 287, 290, 291, 294 and 295, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD22 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

45. Comparative Example 23 (Ref23)

The compound RD23 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

46. Examples (1) Examples 297 and 300 (Ex297 and Ex300)

The compound RD23 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 301 and 304 (Ex30l and Ex304)

The compound RD23 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 305 and 308 (Ex305 and Ex308)

The compound RD23 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 309 and 312 (Ex309 and Ex312)

The compound RD23 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 23 and Examples 297 to 312 are measured and listed in Table 23. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 23 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref23 RD23 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex297 RD23 RHH-7 REH-3 4.16 118 114 Ex298 RD23 RHH-7 REH-9 4.14 122 120 Ex299 RD23 RHH-7 REH-22 4.15 117 116 Ex300 RD23 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 113 111 Ex301 RD23 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 120 115 Ex302 RD23 RHH-13 REH-9 4.12 123 124 Ex303 RD23 RHH-13 REH-22 4.15 117 117 Ex304 RD23 RHH-13 REH-27 4.18 113 112 Ex305 RD23 RHH-23 REH-3 4.16 125 117 Ex306 RD23 RHH-23 REH-9 4.11 131 127 Ex307 RD23 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 123 121 Ex308 RD23 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 116 116 Ex309 RD23 RHH-30 REH-3 4.19 113 112 Ex310 RD23 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 117 120 Ex311 RD23 RHH-30 REH-22 4.20 112 115 Ex312 RD23 RHH-30 REH-27 4.23 108 111

As shown in Table 23, in comparison to the OLED of Ref23, in which the red EML includes the compound RD23 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex297 to Ex312, in which the red EML includes the compound RD23 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 301 to 308, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD23 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 297 to 299, 301 to 303, 305 to 307 and 309 to 311, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD23 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 298, 299, 302, 303, 306, 307, 310 and 311, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD23 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

47. Comparative Example 24 (Ref24)

The compound RD24 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

48. Examples (1) Examples 313 and 316 (Ex313 and Ex316)

The compound RD24 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 317 and 320 (Ex317 and Ex320)

The compound RD24 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 321 and 324 (Ex321 and Ex324)

The compound RD24 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 325 and 328 (Ex325 and Ex328)

The compound RD24 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 24 and Examples 313 to 328 are measured and listed in Table 24. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 24 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref24 RD24 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex313 RD24 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 117 115 Ex314 RD24 RHH-7 REH-9 4.14 121 121 Ex315 RD24 RHH-7 REH-22 4.16 117 116 Ex316 RD24 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 111 110 Ex317 RD24 RHH-13 REH-3 4.15 121 115 Ex318 RD24 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 123 123 Ex319 RD24 RHH-13 REH-22 4.16 116 117 Ex320 RD24 RHH-13 REH-27 4.18 113 110 Ex321 RD24 RHH-23 REH-3 4.16 125 115 Ex322 RD24 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 132 125 Ex323 RD24 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 123 118 Ex324 RD24 RHH-23 REH-27 4.17 117 114 Ex325 RD24 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 112 110 Ex326 RD24 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 117 121 Ex327 RD24 RHH-30 REH-22 4.20 113 114 Ex328 RD24 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 100 112

As shown in Table 24, in comparison to the OLED of Ref24, in which the red EML includes the compound RD24 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex313 to Ex328, in which the red EML includes the compound RD24 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 317 to 324, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD24 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 313 to 315, 317 to 319, 321 to 323 and 325 to 327, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD24 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 314, 315, 318, 319, 322, 323, 326 and 327, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD24 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

49. Comparative Example 25 (Ref25)

The compound RD25 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

50. Examples (1) Examples 329 and 332 (Ex329 and Ex332)

The compound RD25 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 333 and 336 (Ex333 and Ex336)

The compound RD25 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 337 and 340 (Ex337 and Ex340)

The compound RD25 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 341 and 344 (Ex341 and Ex344)

The compound RD25 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 25 and Examples 329 to 344 are measured and listed in Table 25. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 25 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref25 RD25 CBP 4.29 100 100 Ex329 RD25 RHH-7 REH-3 4.18 119 117 Ex330 RD25 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 123 130 Ex331 RD25 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 117 122 Ex332 RD25 RHH-7 REH-27 4.23 111 117 Ex333 RD25 RHH-13 REH-3 4.15 123 122 Ex334 RD25 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 126 135 Ex335 RD25 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 118 130 Ex336 RD25 RHH-13 REH-27 4.20 115 125 Ex337 RD25 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 127 127 Ex338 RD25 RHH-23 REH-9 4.14 135 142 Ex339 RD25 RHH-23 REH-22 4.16 121 130 Ex340 RD25 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 119 124 Ex341 RD25 RHH-30 REH-3 4.21 120 126 Ex342 RD25 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 122 132 Ex343 RD25 RHH-30 REH-22 4.23 117 125 Ex344 RD25 RHH-30 REH-27 4.24 114 120

As shown in Table 25, in comparison to the OLED of Ref25, in which the red EML includes the compound RD25 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex329 to Ex344, in which the red EML includes the compound RD25 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 333 to 340, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD25 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 329 to 331, 333 to 335, 337 to 339 and 341 to 343, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD25 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 330, 331, 334, 335, 338, 339, 342 and 343, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD25 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

51. Comparative Example 26 (Ref26)

The compound RD26 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

52. Examples (1) Examples 345 and 348 (Ex345 and Ex348)

The compound RD26 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 349 and 352 (Ex349 and Ex352)

The compound RD26 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 353 and 356 (Ex353 and Ex356)

The compound RD26 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 357 and 360 (Ex357 and Ex360)

The compound RD26 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 26 and Examples 345 to 360 are measured and listed in Table 26. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 9500 of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 26 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref26 RD26 CBP 4.26 100 100 Ex345 RD26 RHH-7 REH-3 4.16 120 111 Ex346 RD26 RHH-7 REH-9 4.14 124 124 Ex347 RD26 RHH-7 REH-22 4.17 116 115 Ex348 RD26 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 112 110 Ex349 RD26 RHH-13 REH-3 4.14 123 118 Ex350 RD26 RHH-13 REH-9 4.12 126 127 Ex351 RD26 RHH-13 REH-22 4.17 119 123 Ex352 RD26 RHH-13 REH-27 4.19 116 120 Ex353 RD26 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 125 117 Ex354 RD26 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 136 129 Ex355 RD26 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 123 126 Ex356 RD26 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 120 121 Ex357 RD26 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 121 117 Ex358 RD26 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 125 124 Ex359 RD26 RHH-30 REH-22 4.20 119 120 Ex360 RD26 RHH-30 REH-27 4.21 116 113

As shown in Table 26, in comparison to the OLED of Ref26, in which the red EML includes the compound RD26 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex345 to Ex360, in which the red EML includes the compound RD26 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 349 to 356, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD26 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 345 to 347, 349 to 351, 353 to 355 and 357 to 359, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD26 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 346, 347, 350, 351, 354, 355, 358 and 359, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD26 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

53. Comparative Example 27 (Ref27)

The compound RD27 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

54. Examples (1) Examples 361 and 364 (Ex361 and Ex364)

The compound RD27 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 365 and 368 (Ex365 and Ex368)

The compound RD27 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 369 and 372 (Ex369 and Ex372)

The compound RD27 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 373 and 376 (Ex373 and Ex376)

The compound RD27 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 27 and Examples 361 to 376 are measured and listed in Table 27. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 27 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref27 RD27 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex361 RD27 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 118 110 Ex362 RD27 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 122 123 Ex363 RD27 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 115 114 Ex364 RD27 RHH-7 REH-27 4.21 111 108 Ex365 RD27 RHH-13 REH-3 4.16 122 115 Ex366 RD27 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 124 125 Ex367 RD27 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 117 121 Ex368 RD27 RHH-13 REH-27 4.21 115 118 Ex369 RD27 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 124 116 Ex370 RD27 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 133 127 Ex371 RD27 RHH-23 REH-22 4.18 124 125 Ex372 RD27 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 118 120 Ex373 RD27 RHH-30 REH-3 4.22 120 116 Ex374 RD27 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 124 123 Ex375 RD27 RHH-30 REH-22 4.21 117 119 Ex376 RD27 RHH-30 REH-27 4.23 112 113

As shown in Table 27, in comparison to the OLED of Ref27, in which the red EML includes the compound RD27 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex361 to Ex376, in which the red EML includes the compound RD2′7 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 365 to 372, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD27 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 361 to 363, 365 to 367, 369 to 371 and 373 to 375, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD27 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 362, 363, 366, 367, 370, 371, 374 and 375, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD27 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

55. Comparative Example 28 (Ref28)

The compound RD28 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

56. Examples (1) Examples 377 and 380 (Ex377 and Ex380)

The compound RD28 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 381 and 384 (Ex381 and Ex384)

The compound RD28 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 385 and 388 (Ex385 and Ex388)

The compound RD28 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 389 and 392 (Ex389 and Ex392)

The compound RD28 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 28 and Examples 377 to 392 are measured and listed in Table 28. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 28 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref28 RD28 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex377 RD28 RHH-7 REH-3 4.18 117 111 Ex378 RD28 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 121 124 Ex379 RD28 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 116 113 Ex380 RD28 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 112 110 Ex381 RD28 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 123 117 Ex382 RD28 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 125 124 Ex383 RD28 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 116 120 Ex384 RD28 RHH-13 REH-27 4.20 113 117 Ex385 RD28 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 122 114 Ex386 RD28 RHH-23 REH-9 4.14 131 125 Ex387 RD28 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 125 123 Ex388 RD28 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 117 119 Ex389 RD28 RHH-30 REH-3 4.21 121 117 Ex390 RD28 RHH-30 REH-9 4.18 125 124 Ex391 RD28 RHH-30 REH-22 4.20 116 120 Ex392 RD28 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 111 115

As shown in Table 28, in comparison to the OLED of Ref28, in which the red EML includes the compound RD28 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex377 to Ex392, in which the red EML includes the compound RD28 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 381 to 388, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD28 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 377 to 379, 381 to 383, 385 to 387 and 389 to 391, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD28 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 378, 379, 382, 383, 386, 387, 390 and 391, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD28 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

57. Comparative Example 29 (Ref29)

The compound RD29 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

58. Examples (1) Examples 393 and 396 (Ex393 and Ex396)

The compound RD29 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 397 and 400 (Ex397 and Ex400)

The compound RD29 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 401 and 404 (Ex401 and Ex404)

The compound RD29 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 405 and 408 (Ex405 and Ex408)

The compound RD29 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 29 and Examples 393 to 408 are measured and listed in Table 29. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 29 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref29 RD29 CBP 4.30 100 100 Ex393 RD29 RHH-7 REH-3 4.19 118 120 Ex394 RD29 RHH-7 REH-9 4.17 123 134 Ex395 RD29 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 116 123 Ex396 RD29 RHH-7 REH-27 4.21 112 116 Ex397 RD29 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 123 124 Ex398 RD29 RHH-13 REH-9 4.14 125 137 Ex399 RD29 RHH-13 REH-22 4.19 117 130 Ex400 RD29 RHH-13 REH-27 4.21 112 124 Ex401 RD29 RHH-23 REH-3 4.21 126 128 Ex402 RD29 RHH-23 REH-9 4.15 133 140 Ex403 RD29 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 124 131 Ex404 RD29 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 118 123 Ex405 RD29 RHH-30 REH-3 4.21 119 126 Ex406 RD29 RHH-30 REH-9 4.19 122 133 Ex407 RD29 RHH-30 REH-22 4.22 116 125 Ex408 RD29 RHH-30 REH-27 4.23 113 120

As shown in Table 29, in comparison to the OLED of Ref29, in which the red EML includes the compound RD29 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex393 to Ex408, in which the red EML includes the compound RD29 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 397 to 404, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD29 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 393 to 395, 397 to 399, 401 to 403 and 405 to 407, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD29 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 394, 395, 398, 399, 402, 403, 406 and 407, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD29 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

59. Comparative Example 30 (Ref30)

The compound RD30 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

60. Examples (1) Examples 409 and 412 (Ex409 and Ex412)

The compound RD30 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 413 and 416 (Ex413 and Ex416)

The compound RD30 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 417 and 420 (Ex417 and Ex420)

The compound RD30 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 421 and 424 (Ex421 and Ex424)

The compound RD30 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 30 and Examples 409 to 424 are measured and listed in Table 30. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 30 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref30 RD30 CBP 4.26 100 100 Ex409 RD30 RHH-7 REH-3 4.16 120 114 Ex410 RD30 RHH-7 REH-9 4.15 124 126 Ex411 RD30 RHH-7 REH-22 4.16 117 121 Ex412 RD30 RHH-7 REH-27 4.19 113 115 Ex413 RD30 RHH-13 REH-3 4.15 124 120 Ex414 RD30 RHH-13 REH-9 4.13 127 130 Ex415 RD30 RHH-13 REH-22 4.17 119 125 Ex416 RD30 RHH-13 REH-27 4.18 114 120 Ex417 RD30 RHH-23 REH-3 4.17 128 122 Ex418 RD30 RHH-23 REH-9 4.11 135 132 Ex419 RD30 RHH-23 REH-22 4.15 125 127 Ex420 RD30 RHH-23 REH-27 4.17 119 120 Ex421 RD30 RHH-30 REH-3 4.19 121 122 Ex422 RD30 RHH-30 REH-9 4.16 123 128 Ex423 RD30 RHH-30 REH-22 4.18 118 121 Ex424 RD30 RHH-30 REH-27 4.20 115 119

As shown in Table 30, in comparison to the OLED of Ref30, in which the red EML includes the compound RD30 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex409 to Ex424, in which the red EML includes the compound RD30 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 413 to 420, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-2′7 as the second host and the compound RD30 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 409 to 411, 413 to 415, 417 to 419 and 421 to 423, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD30 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 410, 411, 414, 415, 418, 419, 422 and 423, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD30 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

61. Comparative Example 31 (Ref31)

The compound RD31 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

62. Examples (1) Examples 425 and 428 (Ex425 and Ex428)

The compound RD31 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 429 and 432 (Ex429 and Ex432)

The compound RD31 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 433 and 436 (Ex433 and Ex436)

The compound RD31 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 437 and 440 (Ex437 and Ex440)

The compound RD31 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 31 and Examples 425 to 440 are measured and listed in Table 31. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 31 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref31 RD31 CBP 4.27 100 100 Ex425 RD31 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 119 114 Ex426 RD31 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 123 125 Ex427 RD31 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 118 121 Ex428 RD31 RHH-7 REH-27 4.20 115 116 Ex429 RD31 RHH-13 REH-3 4.16 123 120 Ex430 RD31 RHH-13 REH-9 4.14 126 131 Ex431 RD31 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 117 125 Ex432 RD31 RHH-13 REH-27 4.19 113 121 Ex433 RD31 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 125 119 Ex434 RD31 RHH-23 REH-9 4.13 133 132 Ex435 RD31 RHH-23 REH-22 4.16 123 126 Ex436 RD31 RHH-23 REH-27 4.18 118 121 Ex437 RD31 RHH-30 REH-3 4.19 120 120 Ex438 RD31 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 122 126 Ex439 RD31 RHH-30 REH-22 4.19 116 120 Ex440 RD31 RHH-30 REH-27 4.21 114 117

As shown in Table 31, in comparison to the OLED of Ref31, in which the red EML includes the compound RD31 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex425 to Ex440, in which the red EML includes the compound RD31 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 429 to 436, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD31 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 425 to 427, 429 to 431, 433 to 435 and 437 to 439, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD31 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 426, 427, 430, 431, 434, 435, 438 and 439, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD31 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

63. Comparative Example 32 (Ref32)

The compound RD32 in Formula 8 as the dopant and the compound (CBP) in Formula 7 as the host are used to form the EML.

64. Examples (1) Examples 441 and 444 (Ex441 and Ex444)

The compound RD32 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-7 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(2) Examples 445 and 448 (Ex445 and Ex448)

The compound RD32 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-13 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(3) Examples 449 and 452 (Ex449 and Ex452)

The compound RD32 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-23 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

(4) Examples 453 and 456 (Ex453 and Ex456)

The compound RD32 in Formula 8 as the dopant, the compound RHH-30 in Formula 2-2 as a first host, and the compounds REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 in Formula 3-4 as a second dopant are used to form the EML. (first host: second host=1:1 (weight %))

The properties, i.e., the driving voltage (V), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the lifespan (LT95), of the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Example 32 and Examples 441 to 456 are measured and listed in Table 32. The properties of the OLED were measured at the room temperature using a current source (KEITHLEY) and a photometer (PR 650). The driving voltage and the external quantum efficiency were measured under the condition of a current density of 10 mA/cm², and the lifespan (the time to reach 95% of the lifespan) was measured at 40° C. under 40 mA/cm² condition.

TABLE 32 EML EQE LT95 Dopant Host V (%) (%) Ref32 RD32 CBP 4.28 100 100 Ex441 RD32 RHH-7 REH-3 4.17 118 115 Ex442 RD32 RHH-7 REH-9 4.16 123 124 Ex443 RD32 RHH-7 REH-22 4.18 117 120 Ex444 RD32 RHH-7 REH-27 4.19 113 117 Ex445 RD32 RHH-13 REH-3 4.17 121 119 Ex446 RD32 RHH-13 REH-9 4.15 125 128 Ex447 RD32 RHH-13 REH-22 4.18 115 124 Ex448 RD32 RHH-13 REH-27 4.19 111 120 Ex449 RD32 RHH-23 REH-3 4.18 124 118 Ex450 RD32 RHH-23 REH-9 4.14 134 131 Ex451 RD32 RHH-23 REH-22 4.17 124 126 Ex452 RD32 RHH-23 REH-27 4.19 118 120 Ex453 RD32 RHH-30 REH-3 4.20 120 121 Ex454 RD32 RHH-30 REH-9 4.17 121 125 Ex455 RD32 RHH-30 REH-22 4.19 115 118 Ex456 RD32 RHH-30 REH-27 4.22 111 114

As shown in Table 32, in comparison to the OLED of Ref32, in which the red EML includes the compound RD32 as a dopant and CBP as a host, the OLED of Ex441 to Ex456, in which the red EML includes the compound RD32 as a dopant, the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as a first host, and the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as a second host, has advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan.

In addition, as Examples 445 to 452, when the compound RHH-13 or RHH-23 as the first host with the compound REH-3, REH-9, REH-22 and REH-27 as the second host and the compound RD32 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. Namely, when the first host being the compound in Formula 2-1, in which R⁵ is biphenyl, and R⁶ is 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl or phenyl, with the second host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

Moreover, as Examples 441 to 443, 445 to 447, 449 to 451 and 453 to 455, when the compound REH-3, REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD32 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased. In particular, as Examples 442, 443, 446, 447, 450, 451, 454 and 455, when the compound REH-9 or REH-22 as the second host with the compound RHH-7, RHH-13, RHH-23 and RHH-30 as the first host and the compound RD32 as the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are further increased. Namely, when the second host being the compound in one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-3, e.g., Formula 3-3, in which L² is phenyl or naphthyl with b=1, Y is phenyl, and Z is phenyl or naphthyl, with the first host and the dopant are included in the red EML, the luminous efficiency and/or the luminous lifespan of the OLED are significantly increased.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of the present disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light emitting diode, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a first emitting part including a first red emitting material layer and positioned between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first red emitting material layer includes a first compound, a second compound and a third compound, wherein the first compound is represented by Formula 1-1:

wherein in Formula 1-1: M is molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) or silver (Ag); each of A and B is a carbon atom; R is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group; each of X¹ to X¹¹ is independently a carbon atom, CR¹ or N; only one of: a ring (a) with X³-X⁵, Y¹ and A; or a ring (b) with X⁸-X¹¹, Y² and B is formed; and if the ring (a) is formed, each of X³ and Y¹ is a carbon atom, X⁶ and X⁷ or X⁷ and X⁸ forms an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring; and Y² is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, S₀₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group; if the ring (b) is forms, each of X⁸ and Y² is a carbon atom, X¹ and X² or X² and X³ forms an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring; and Y¹ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, S₀₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein R^(a) is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group, each of R¹ to R³ is independently hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, optionally, two adjacent R¹ and/or R² and R³ form an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic ring, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic ring or an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic ring;

 is an auxiliary ligand; m is an integer of 1 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and m+n is an oxidation number of M, wherein the second compound is represented by Formula 2-1:

wherein in Formula 2-1: each of R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; one of X¹² and X¹³ is a nitrogen atom (N), and the other one of X¹² and X¹³ is an oxygen atom (O) or a sulfur atom (S); L¹ is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and a is 0 or 1, wherein the third compound is represented by Formula 3-1:

wherein in Formula 3-1: X is 0 or S; each of Y and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L² is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and b is 0 or
 1. 2. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by Formula 1-2:

wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁷ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein Y³ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, S₀₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), and wherein each of M, R,

 m, n, R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1.
 3. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by Formula 1-3:

wherein each of X³¹ to X³⁸ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein Y⁴ is BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, o, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te, TeO₂, or NR^(a), and wherein each of M,

 m, n, R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1.
 4. The organic light emitting diode of claim 2, wherein Formula 1-2 is represented by Formula 1-4 or Formula 1-5:

wherein each of X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ is independently CR¹ or N, and wherein each of M, R,

 m, n and R¹ to R³ is same as defined in Formula 1-1, and X²¹ to X²⁴ and Y³ is same as defined in Formula 1-2.
 5. The organic light emitting diode of claim 3, wherein Formula 1-3 is represented by Formula 1-6 or Formula 1-7:

wherein each of X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N, and wherein M,

 m, n, R¹ to R³ is same as defined in Formula 1-1, and each of X³⁴ to X³⁸ and Y⁴ is same as defined in Formula 1-3.
 6. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by one of Formula 1-8 to Formula 1-11:

wherein R in Formulas 1-8 and 1-9 is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴¹ and XV to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, o, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of R¹¹ to R¹³ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 0 to 2, and wherein m+n is
 3. 7. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by one of Formula 1-12 to Formula 1-15:

wherein R in Formulas 1-12 and 1-13 is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, S₀₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of R⁶¹ to R⁶⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 0 to 2, and wherein m+n is
 3. 8. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by one of Formula 1-16 to Formula 1-19:

wherein R in Formulas 1-16 and 1-17 is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴⁵ and X⁵¹ to X⁵⁵ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR², CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, S₀₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of R⁷¹ to R⁷³ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 0 to 2, and wherein m+n is
 3. 9. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1-1 is represented by one of Formula 1-20 to Formula 1-23:

wherein R in Formulas 1-20 and 1-21 is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of X²¹ to X²⁴, X³⁴ to X³⁸, X⁴¹ to X⁴¹ and X¹¹ to X¹¹ is independently CR¹ or N, wherein each of Y³ and Y⁴ is independently BR 2, CR²R³, C═O, SiR²R³, GeR²R³, PR², P═O, O, S, SO₂, Se, SeO₂, Te or TeO₂, or NR^(a), wherein each of R¹ to R³ and R^(a) is same as defined in Formula 1-1, wherein each of R⁸¹ to R⁸⁵ in Formulas 1-20 to 1-23 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, protium, deuterium, tritium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrozone group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, an amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl amino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl silyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrile group, an isonitrile group, a sulfanyl group, a phosphino group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero alicyclic group, an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aromatic group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ hetero aromatic group, wherein m is an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 0 to 2, and wherein m+n is
 3. 10. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the first compound is one of the following compounds:


11. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the second compound is one of the following compounds:


12. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 3-1 is represented by Formula 3-2:

wherein X is O or S; each of Y and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L² is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and b is 0 or
 1. 13. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 3-1 is represented by Formula 3-3:

each of Y and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroaryl group; L² is selected from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group and an unsubstituted or substituted C₃-C₃₀ heteroarylene group; and b is 0 or
 1. 14. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the third compound is one of the following compounds:


15. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein each of a weight % of the second and third compounds is greater than a weight % of the first compound.
 16. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, further comprising: a second emitting part including a second red emitting material layer and positioned between the first emitting part and the second electrode; and a charge generation layer positioned between the first and second emitting parts.
 17. The organic light emitting diode of claim 16, wherein the second emitting material layer includes a fourth compound represented by Formula 1-1, a fifth compound represented by Formula 2-1 and a sixth compound represented by Formula 3-1.
 18. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, further comprising: a second emitting part including a first blue emitting material layer and positioned between the first electrode and the first emitting part; and a first charge generation layer positioned between the first and second emitting parts.
 19. The organic light emitting diode of claim 18, further comprising: a third emitting part including a second blue emitting material layer and positioned between the first emitting part and the second electrode; and a second charge generation layer positioned between the first and third emitting parts.
 20. The organic light emitting diode of claim 19, wherein the first emitting part further includes a green emitting material layer positioned between the red emitting material layer and the second charge generation layer.
 21. The organic light emitting diode of claim 20, wherein the first emitting part further includes a yellow-green emitting material layer positioned between the red and green emitting material layers.
 22. An organic light emitting device, comprising: a substrate; the organic light emitting diode of claim 1 positioned on the substrate. 